{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:01:35Z","timestamp":1790420495331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]],"date-time":"2016-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite an increase in the prevalence of medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction of the elbow in professional baseball and popularity within the media, there are no population-based studies examining the incidence of UCL reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the epidemiological trends of UCL reconstruction on a statewide level over a 10-year period. The primary endpoint was the yearly rate of UCL reconstruction over time; secondary endpoints included patient demographics, institution volumes, and concomitant procedures on the ulnar nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database contains records for each ambulatory discharge in New York State. This database was used to identify all UCL reconstructions in New York State from 2002 to 2011 using the outpatient CPT-4 ( Current Procedural Terminology, 4th Revision) code. Assessed were patient age, sex, ethnicity, insurance status, and associated procedures, as well as hospital volume.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant yearly increase in the number of UCL reconstructions ( P &lt; .001) performed in New York State from 2002 to 2011. The volume of UCL reconstructions increased by 193%, and the rate per 100,000 population tripled from 0.15 to 0.45. The mean \u00b1 SD age was 21.6 \u00b1 8.89 years, and there was a significant trend for an increased frequency in UCL reconstruction in patients aged 17 to 18 and 19 to 20 years ( P &lt; .001). Male patients were 11.8 times more likely to have a UCL reconstruction than female patients ( P &lt; .001), and individuals with private insurance were 25 times more likely to have a UCL reconstruction than those with Medicaid ( P = .0014). There was a 400% increase in concomitant ulnar nerve release\/transposition performed over time in the study period, representing a significant increase in the frequency of ulnar nerve procedures at the time of UCL reconstruction ( P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of UCL reconstruction is steadily rising in New York State and becoming more common in adolescent athletes. Emphasis on public education on the risks of overuse throwing injuries and the importance of adhering to preventative guidelines is essential in youth baseball today.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515622407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]],"date-time":"2016-01-21T23:08:43Z","timestamp":1453417723000},"page":"729-734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Epidemiology of Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONS Foundation for Clinical Research and Education, Greenwich Hospital, Yale\u2013New Haven Health, Greenwich, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond R.","family":"Arons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2012.05.1966"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-0363546515622407","first-page":"250","volume":"43","author":"Baxter-Jones AD","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-22-05-315"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510378100"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546515622407","unstructured":"Disabled List Data. Baseball heat maps. http:\/\/www.baseballheatmaps.com\/disabled-list-data\/. Accessed March 15, 2015."},{"key":"bibr6-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513518412"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.07.001"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513510890"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546515622407","unstructured":"ESPN MLB. Tommy John surgery \u2018epidemic\u2019? http:\/\/espn.go.com\/mlb\/story\/_\/id\/10831700\/is-mlb-midst-tommy-john-epidemic. Accessed March 15, 2015."},{"key":"bibr10-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510384224"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01128"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546515622407","unstructured":"The Harris Poll. Harris interactive. http:\/\/www.harrisinteractive.com\/NewsRoom\/HarrisPolls\/tabid\/. Accessed March 15, 2015."},{"key":"bibr13-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668080-00004"},{"key":"bibr14-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.01.031"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513507695"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr16-0363546515622407","first-page":"95","volume":"160","author":"Kerut EK","year":"2008","journal-title":"J La State Med Soc"},{"key":"bibr17-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)30677-5"},{"key":"bibr18-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.024"},{"key":"bibr19-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000150571.51381.9a"},{"key":"bibr20-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00539"},{"key":"bibr21-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200008000-00010"},{"key":"bibr22-0363546515622407","unstructured":"New York State Data Center. Population and Housing Center. http:\/\/www.empire.state.ny.us\/NYSDataCenter\/Population_HousingData.html. Accessed March 12, 2015."},{"key":"bibr23-0363546515622407","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health. Operations guide. www.health.state.ny.us\/statistics\/sparcs\/sysdoc\/operguid.htm. December 2, 2014. Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"bibr24-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.005"},{"key":"bibr25-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505284188"},{"key":"bibr26-0363546515622407","unstructured":"Ortiz JL. Tommy John surgery now \u2018an epidemic\u2019. http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/sports\/mlb\/2014\/04\/11\/tommy-john-elbow-surgery-strasburg-parker-corbin\/7583413\/. Accessed March 15, 2015."},{"key":"bibr27-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262166"},{"key":"bibr28-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31824abf20"},{"key":"bibr29-0363546515622407","unstructured":"Plunkett Research. Sports industry overview. http:\/\/www.plunkettresearch.com\/statistics\/sports-industry\/. Accessed March 15, 2015."},{"key":"bibr30-0363546515622407","first-page":"255","volume":"8","author":"Quan JM.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Comput"},{"key":"bibr31-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300041401"},{"key":"bibr32-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0116-8"},{"key":"bibr33-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400503"},{"key":"bibr34-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508319053"},{"key":"bibr35-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01003"},{"key":"bibr36-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01825"},{"key":"bibr37-0363546515622407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513509051"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546515622407","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0363546515622407","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546515622407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:49:15Z","timestamp":1777369755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546515622407"}},"subtitle":["A 10-Year Study in New York State"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0363546515622407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546515622407","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]]}}}