{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:25:47Z","timestamp":1791516347655,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) is a newly developed screening tool that evaluates vestibular and ocular motor symptom (eg, headache, dizziness, nausea, fogginess) provocation after a sport-related concussion. Baseline data on the VOMS are needed to extend the application of this measure to broad age groups and to document normal variations in performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary purpose of this study was to examine the internal consistency of the VOMS in a large sample of healthy, nonconcussed collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose was to investigate the effects of patient sex and history of motion sickness, migraines, and concussions on baseline VOMS scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 263 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes (mean \u00b1 SD age, 19.85 \u00b1 1.35 years) completed self-reported demographic and medical history at preseason physical examinations and baseline screening. Internal consistency of the VOMS was assessed with Cronbach \u03b1. A series of univariate nonparametric tests (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      with odds ratios [ORs] and 95% CIs) were used to examine the associations among medical history risk factors and VOMS clinical cutoff scores (score of \u22652 for any individual VOMS symptom, near point of convergence [NPC] distance of \u22655 cm), with higher scores representing greater symptom provocation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Internal consistency of the VOMS was high (Cronbach \u03b1 = .97), and 89% of athletes scored below cutoff levels (ie, 11% false-positive rate). Female athletes (OR, 2.99 [95% CI, 1.34-6.70]; P = .006) and those with a personal history of motion sickness (OR, 7.73 [95% CI, 1.94-30.75]; P = .009) were more likely to have \u22651 VOMS scores above cutoff levels. No risk factors were associated with increased odds of an abnormal NPC distance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VOMS possesses internal consistency and an acceptable false-positive rate among healthy Division I collegiate student-athletes. Female sex and a history of motion sickness were risk factors for VOMS scores above clinical cutoff levels among healthy collegiate student-athletes. Results support a comprehensive baseline evaluation approach that includes an assessment of premorbid vestibular and oculomotor symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516632754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T00:14:05Z","timestamp":1458087245000},"page":"1400-1406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Reliability and Associated Risk Factors for Performance on the Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) Tool in Healthy Collegiate Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 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