{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:30:15Z","timestamp":1790890215674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trochlear dysplasia is a well-described risk factor for patellofemoral instability. Despite its clear association with the incidence of patellar instability, it is unclear whether the presence of high-grade trochlear dysplasia influences clinical outcome after patellofemoral stabilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether isolated proximal soft tissue stabilization for patellofemoral instability is as successful in patients with high-grade dysplasia compared with low-grade or no dysplasia, as measured by disease-specific quality-of-life and pain scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 277 patellofemoral stabilization procedures were performed during the study period. An isolated stabilization was performed in 233 patients, and 203 of these patients (87%) had adequate lateral radiographs and complete Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII) scores available for assessment. Of these, 152 patients underwent a medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) and 51 patients received a medial patellofemoral ligament imbrication (MPFL-I). There were 21 patients with no trochlear dysplasia, 89 patients with low-grade dysplasia (Dejour type A), and 93 patients with high-grade dysplasia (Dejour types B-D). An independent-samples t test was used to determine the difference between the pre- and postoperative BPII scores. A Spearman rho correlation was calculated between 3 trochlear dysplasia groups and the BPII scores at a mean 24 months after patellofemoral stabilization. An independent-samples t test was used to assess the influence of trochlear bump size on outcomes by stratifying data and assessing for a relationship to BPII scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The independent-samples t test demonstrated statistically significant improvements in pre- to postoperative BPII scores for both groups. The MPFL-R group improved from a mean BPII score of 24.36 to 65.16 ( P &lt; .001), and the MPFL-I group improved from a mean of 28.92 to 73.45 ( P &lt; .01). For the MPFL-R patient cohort, the Spearman rho correlation demonstrated a significant relationship between postoperative BPII scores and presence of a trochlear bump and degree of dysplasia ( P \u2264 .05). Overall, a trochlear bump of \u22655 mm was associated with lower postoperative BPII scores ( t\n                      <jats:sub>(193)<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 2.65, \u03b7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research has established a statistically significant correlation between trochlear dysplasia and disease-specific outcomes after MPFL-R surgery. Overall, there was evidence of significant improvement in disease-specific quality-of-life scores after patellofemoral stabilization surgery. This study is the largest cohort reported to date and therefore adds substantially to the evidence that trochlear dysplasia is a significant risk factor for and predictor of outcome among patients with patellofemoral instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516635626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T23:19:16Z","timestamp":1459293556000},"page":"1515-1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Effect of Trochlear Dysplasia on Outcomes After Isolated Soft Tissue Stabilization for Patellar Instability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Laurie A.","family":"Hiemstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine, Banff, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kerslake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine, Banff, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Loewen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine, Banff, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lafave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Recreation Studies, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20131021-19"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3008"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B7.20447"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000171543.60966.a6"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2650-5"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2555-4-7"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201101000-00002"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31803035ae"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546516635626","author":"Dejour D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orphanet"},{"key":"bibr10-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.304095755"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23041."},{"key":"bibr13-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2005.12.005"},{"key":"bibr14-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2001.28980"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2477-0","volume":"22","author":"Hiemstra LA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"bibr16-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513487981"},{"key":"bibr17-0363546516635626","author":"Hiemstra LA","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"bibr18-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2007.01.036"},{"key":"bibr19-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513518413"},{"key":"bibr20-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515606102"},{"key":"bibr21-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0031-4"},{"key":"bibr22-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80366-4"},{"key":"bibr23-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512472873"},{"key":"bibr24-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511433028"},{"key":"bibr25-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000306"},{"key":"bibr26-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2321-y"},{"key":"bibr27-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-014-0335-y"},{"key":"bibr28-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01628492"},{"key":"bibr29-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3523-x."},{"key":"bibr30-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670510041781"},{"key":"bibr31-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.002"},{"key":"bibr32-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182471ac2"},{"key":"bibr33-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B4.14768"},{"key":"bibr34-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0414-3"},{"key":"bibr35-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.01.011"},{"key":"bibr36-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514563904"},{"key":"bibr37-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505285584"},{"key":"bibr38-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22371"},{"key":"bibr39-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513509230"},{"key":"bibr40-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0683-0"},{"key":"bibr41-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.07.013"},{"key":"bibr42-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B2.20017"},{"key":"bibr43-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515572143"},{"key":"bibr44-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B5.16866"},{"key":"bibr45-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B10.17834"},{"key":"bibr46-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2015-5"},{"key":"bibr47-0363546516635626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564730."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546516635626","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0363546516635626","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546516635626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:49:32Z","timestamp":1777369772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546516635626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0363546516635626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546516635626","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]}}}