{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:24:59Z","timestamp":1783718699269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, sports leagues and sports medicine experts have developed guidelines for concussion management. The extent to which current clinical practice is consistent with guideline recommendations is unclear. At the collegiate level, there have been few examinations of concussion management practices and the extent to which meaningful differences across divisions of competition exist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purposes of this study were to (1) examine current practices in concussion diagnosis and management at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) member colleges, (2) explore the extent to which current practices reflect current recommendations for concussion diagnosis and management, and (3) determine whether there are differences in management patterns across divisions of competition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An electronic questionnaire was sent to sports medicine clinicians at all NCAA member colleges during September and October 2013. Clinicians were asked about baseline assessments, diagnosis and management practices, return-to-play protocols, the perceived prevalence of underdiagnosis, and basic demographic information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 30% (n = 866) of contacted clinicians, representing nearly 50% (n = 527) of NCAA member colleges, responded to the questionnaire. Preparticipation baseline examinations were administered at the majority of schools (95%), but most (87.5%) administered baseline assessments only to selected high-risk athletes. Computerized neurocognitive testing and balance assessments were most commonly used as preseason baseline and postinjury assessments. Multimodal examination in line with NCAA and other guidance was used only at a minority of institutions. Athletic trainers most commonly administered and interpreted the preseason baseline examination. Most clinicians reported that their institutions\u2019 practices were in line with NCAA guidelines during the first 24 hours of an athlete\u2019s concussion diagnosis, with exact percentages varying across measures. Differences across divisions of competition included shorter return-to-play time at Division I schools than Division III schools (9.13 vs 10.31 days, respectively) and more frequently referring concussed athletes to a physician within 24 hours of diagnosis at Division I schools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concussion management at many colleges in the United States incorporates elements recommended by current guidelines; however, there is room to improve. Increasing the use of a multimodal baseline and postinjury examination will elevate the concussion care provided to college athletes and better align with best practice guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516635639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T00:26:17Z","timestamp":1459556777000},"page":"1391-1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Clinical Practices in Collegiate Concussion Management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Baugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Micheli Center for Sport Injury Prevention, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Kroshus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Stamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Daneshvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Pepin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micheli Center for Sport Injury Prevention, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"William P.","family":"Meehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micheli Center for Sport Injury Prevention, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3582"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jlme.12147"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514553090"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.7.04"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.4.400"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr7-0363546516635639","first-page":"145","volume":"36","author":"Ferrara MS","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828d57dd"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31827f5f93"},{"key":"bibr10-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301107"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.25"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.904049"},{"key":"bibr13-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.04.011"},{"key":"bibr14-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000432853.77520.3d"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.6.04"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr16-0363546516635639","first-page":"196","volume":"39","author":"McCrory P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"bibr17-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092313"},{"key":"bibr18-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2009.06.1721"},{"key":"bibr19-0363546516635639","unstructured":"NCAA. 2012-2013 NCAA sports sponsorship and participation rates report. http:\/\/www.ncaapublications.com\/productdownloads\/PR2014.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2015."},{"key":"bibr20-0363546516635639","unstructured":"NCAA. Concussion guidelines: diagnosis and management of sport-related concussions. http:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/health-and-safety\/concussion-guidelines. Published 2014. Accessed September 1, 2015."},{"key":"bibr21-0363546516635639","unstructured":"NCAA. Guideline 2i: sports related concussion. In: 2013-14 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook. Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 2013:56-66. https:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2013-14%20Sports%20Medicine%20Handbook.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr22-0363546516635639","first-page":"320","volume":"40","author":"Notebaert AJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"bibr23-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182585d37"},{"key":"bibr24-0363546516635639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e3182a1ba22"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546516635639","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0363546516635639","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546516635639","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:49:33Z","timestamp":1777369773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546516635639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0363546516635639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546516635639","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}}}