{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:31:17Z","timestamp":1792272677238,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical management of patellofemoral (PF) instability is a challenge, particularly considering the number of variables that should be taken into consideration for treatment. Quality of life is an important measure to consider with this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To factor analyze and reduce the total number of items in the Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII). Subsequent to the factor analysis, the new, item-reduced BPII 2.0 was tested for validity, reliability, and responsiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quality of life was measured for PF instability patients (N = 223) through use of the original BPII at their initial consultation. Data from the BPII scores were used in a principal components analysis (PCA) to factor analyze and reduce the total number of items in the original BPII, to create a revised BPII 2.0. The BPII 2.0 underwent content validation (Cronbach alpha, patient interviews, and grade-level checking), construct validation (analysis of variance comparing the initial visit and the 6-, 12-, and 24-month postoperative visits, eta-square), convergent validation (Pearson r correlation to the original BPII), responsiveness testing (eta-square, anchor-based distribution testing), and reliability testing (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BPII was successfully reduced from 32 to 23 items with excellent Cronbach alpha values in the new BPII 2.0: initial visit = 0.91; 6-month postoperative visit = 0.96; 12-month postoperative visit = 0.97; and 24-month postoperative visit = 0.76. Grade-level reading for all items was assessed as below grade 12. The BPII 2.0 was able to discriminate between all time periods with significant differences between groups ( P &lt; .05). Eta-square was 0.40, demonstrating a medium to large effect size. The BPII significantly correlated with the BPII 2.0 (0.82, 0.90, 0.90, and 0.94 at the initial visit and 6-, 12-, and 24-month postoperative visits, respectively), providing evidence of convergent validity. A significant correlation was found between the 7-point scale and 24-month postoperative BPII 2.0 scores, a sign of anchor-based responsiveness. ICC (2,k) was 0.97, indicating strong reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BPII 2.0 is valid, reliable, and responsive for assessment of patients with PF instability, both surgically and nonsurgically treated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516644605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T01:41:07Z","timestamp":1462930867000},"page":"2081-2086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Factor Analysis and Item Reduction of the Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Lafave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health & Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Hiemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine, Banff, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kerslake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine, Banff, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546516644605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509336261"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546516644605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508330143"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546516644605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510376230"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546516644605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260788"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546516644605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509354163"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546516644605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00009"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546516644605","author":"Hiemstra LA","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports 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