{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:29:54Z","timestamp":1785922194794,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483574400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The distance between the tibial tubercle (TT) and trochlear groove (TT-TG distance) is known to be greater in patients with patellar instability. However, the potential role and prevalence of pathological TT-TG distances in a large cohort of skeletally mature patients with isolated patellofemoral pain (PFP) are not clear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if the mean TT-TG distance is greater in patients with PFP, who lack a history of patellar dislocations, knee trauma, or osteoarthritis, relative to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 50 knees (38 patients) with PFP and 60 knees (56 controls) without PFP formed the basis of this study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the TT-TG distance from 3-dimensional static scans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort with PFP demonstrated a significantly greater mean TT-TG distance relative to asymptomatic controls (13.0 vs 10.8 mm, respectively; P = .001). Among the cohort with PFP, 15 knees (30%) demonstrated TT-TG distances \u226515 mm, and 3 knees (6%) demonstrated TT-TG distances \u226520 mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most adult patients with isolated PFP have elevated TT-TG distances compared with controls, which likely contributes to the force imbalance surrounding the knee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516681002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]],"date-time":"2017-01-07T09:53:23Z","timestamp":1483782803000},"page":"1110-1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Tibial Tubercle\u2013Trochlear Groove Distance Is Greater in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: Implications for the Origin of Pain and Clinical Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Victor R.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional and Applied Biomechanics Section, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry P.","family":"Boden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Orthopaedic Center, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aricia","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional and Applied Biomechanics Section, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional and Applied Biomechanics Section, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances T.","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional and Applied Biomechanics Section, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333010-00006"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515576128"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511404883"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500318"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800204"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3508-9"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3405-7"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513484895"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-64"},{"key":"bibr10-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2003.10.007"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000152676.13197.49"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31803035ae"},{"key":"bibr13-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"bibr14-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00688"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2007.05.004"},{"key":"bibr16-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.04.008"},{"key":"bibr17-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198307000-00027"},{"key":"bibr18-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198310000-00018"},{"key":"bibr19-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800508"},{"key":"bibr20-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2118-4"},{"key":"bibr21-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514563690"},{"key":"bibr22-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.9.594"},{"key":"bibr23-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00202146"},{"key":"bibr24-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0160(01)00105-3"},{"key":"bibr25-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00674"},{"key":"bibr26-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00007"},{"key":"bibr27-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(2000)13:3<199::AID-CA7>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"bibr28-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200112"},{"key":"bibr29-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593980600724246"},{"key":"bibr30-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200402000-00023"},{"key":"bibr31-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1240-8"},{"key":"bibr32-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.0301"},{"key":"bibr33-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-191"},{"key":"bibr34-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1023-9332.6.6.328"},{"key":"bibr35-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.01.028"},{"key":"bibr36-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00009-9"},{"key":"bibr37-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.12.012"},{"key":"bibr38-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0880-0"},{"key":"bibr39-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"key":"bibr40-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.09.002"},{"key":"bibr41-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-008-0643-6"},{"key":"bibr42-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.07.021"},{"key":"bibr43-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3215"},{"key":"bibr44-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514563904"},{"key":"bibr45-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514554553"},{"key":"bibr46-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3614-8"},{"key":"bibr47-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B3.34515"},{"key":"bibr48-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901502300212"},{"key":"bibr49-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508331135"},{"key":"bibr50-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00024.2009"},{"key":"bibr51-0363546516681002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.03.005"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546516681002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0363546516681002","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546516681002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:50:30Z","timestamp":1777369830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546516681002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0363546516681002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546516681002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]]}}}