{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:19Z","timestamp":1777388959134,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Engraftment and longevity of transplanted cells are crucial for stem cell\u2013based cartilage treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether cultured spherical cell masses of human bone marrow\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) could improve engraftment at defect sites and to examine their corresponding effects on osteochondral regeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cylindrical osteochondral defect (5 mm wide \u00d7 5 mm deep) was created in trochlear grooves of rabbit knees. The single-cell type of hBM-MSCs with fibrin glue, the spherical type of hBM-MSCs with fibrin glue, and cell-free fibrin glue (control) were each implanted into osteochondral defect sites. A total of 18 rabbit knees were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups (3 rabbits per group). Animals were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Repaired tissues were evaluated via gross examination, histologic examination, and immunofluorescence analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transplantation with spherical hBM-MSCs exhibited superior overall osteochondral restoration when compared with the single-type group, as evidenced by well-ordered mature collagen fibrils produced during subchondral bone formation in the zonation phenomenon. Immunofluorescence analysis of osteochondral defect areas with human-specific antigen revealed a larger number of mesenchymal stem cells in the spherical-type group than the single cell\u2013type group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transplantation of spherical hBM-MSCs was better than single cells from monolayer culture in improving osteochondral regeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrate a simple strategy for enhancing the potency of stem cells required for restoration of osteochondral defects. Furthermore, this strategy may be implemented with other types of stem\/progenitor cell\u2013based therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518780991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T12:42:47Z","timestamp":1531744967000},"page":"2242-2252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy of Spherical Aggregated Human Bone Marrow\u2013Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured for Osteochondral Defects of Rabbit Knee Joints"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Byung Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Nam","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Wan","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joon Ho","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008117107"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.10.003"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.109"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1692-9"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.104"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20879"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000065580.02404.F4"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015312119693"},{"key":"bibr10-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.11.040"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2426-y"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-007-9576-2"},{"key":"bibr13-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-3076"},{"key":"bibr14-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0596"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.58"},{"key":"bibr16-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0771"},{"key":"bibr17-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-30-9"},{"key":"bibr18-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000204981.36995.db"},{"key":"bibr19-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00007"},{"key":"bibr20-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.03.013"},{"key":"bibr21-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2006.05.016"},{"key":"bibr22-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1441-5"},{"key":"bibr23-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.10.012"},{"key":"bibr24-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.02.008"},{"key":"bibr25-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-1104"},{"key":"bibr26-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2009.01227.x"},{"key":"bibr27-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.208991"},{"key":"bibr28-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-014-9526-z"},{"key":"bibr29-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2005.11.953"},{"key":"bibr30-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.09.005"},{"key":"bibr31-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240410005041"},{"key":"bibr32-0363546518780991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/000000002783985404"}],"container-title":["The 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