{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:20:08Z","timestamp":1777389608288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although data exist on injuries in youth football leagues, there are limited recent data on injury incidence in middle school football. Updated injury incidence estimates can help drive the development of injury prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Describe the epidemiology of injuries in middle school football during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data originated from 9 public middle schools in Virginia during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Certified athletic trainers collected injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data from school-sanctioned games and practices in boys\u2019, football. Injury counts and rates per 1000 AEs were calculated. Injury rate ratios with 95% CIs compared rates between games and practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 664 middle school boys\u2019, football injuries were reported, leading to an overall injury rate of 20.54 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 18.98-22.11). The time loss injury rate (inclusive of injuries with participation restriction time \u226524 hours) was 9.28 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 8.23-10.33). The injury rate was higher in competition than practice (36.19 vs 17.97 per 1000 AEs; injury rate ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.69-2.40). Most injuries were to the head\/face (competition, 20.6%; practice, 15.8%) and hand\/wrist (competition, 18.8%; practice, 16.4%) and were diagnosed as contusions (competition, 30.9%; practice, 25.9%) and sprains (competition, 19.4%; practice, 12.6%). Competitions also had a large proportion of concussions (10.3%). Overall, 80.0% and 66.9% of injuries were due to contact in competition and practice, respectively; of these contact-related injuries, 62.1% and 41.6% were specifically player contact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injury distributions parallel those found in previous research from middle school and other sport settings. Injury rates in middle school football were higher than those reported in previous findings in high school and college. However, caution must be taken when interpreting findings in relation to other surveillance systems with varying methodologies. Still, the findings highlight the need for injury prevention strategies within middle school football, particularly as related to contact-related mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518825361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T14:32:20Z","timestamp":1551105140000},"page":"933-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Epidemiology of Injuries in Middle School Football, 2015-2017: The Advancing Healthcare Initiatives for Underserved Students Project"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Zachary Y.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jatin P.","family":"Ambegaonkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Caswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Prebble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Romm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shane V.","family":"Caswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546518825361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.10.2.160"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546518825361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.19"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546518825361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000246468.80635.ef"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546518825361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116662251"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546518825361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657500300606"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546518825361","unstructured":"Comstock RD, Currie DW, Pierpoint LA. 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