{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T03:08:00Z","timestamp":1794020880251,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AR056950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AR056950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Health International Exchange Program","award":["JSH-2018-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSH-2018-004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiography is the initial imaging modality used to evaluate femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and diagnostic radiographic findings are well-established. However, the prevalence of these radiographic findings in patients with hip pain is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose was 3-fold: (1) to determine the overall prevalence of radiographic FAI deformities in young patients presenting with hip pain, (2) to identify the most common radiographic findings in patients with cam-type FAI, and (3) to identify the most common radiographic findings in patients with pincer-type FAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A geographic database was used to identify patients aged 14 to 50 years with hip pain between the years 2000 to 2016. The following were evaluated on radiographs: cam type: typical pistol grip deformity, alpha angle &gt;55\u00b0; pincer type: crossover sign (COS), coxa profunda or protrusio acetabuli, lateral center edge angle (LCEA) \u226540\u00b0, T\u00f6nnis angle &lt;0\u00b0; and mixed type: both cam- and pincer-type features. Posterior wall sign (PWS) and ischial spine sign (ISS) were also evaluated. The prevalence of each was determined. Descriptive statistics were performed on all radiographic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 1893 patients evaluated, and 1145 patients (60.5%; 1371 hips; 374 male and 771 female; mean age, 28.8 \u00b1 8.4 years) had radiographic findings consistent with FAI. Of these hips, 139 (10.1%) had cam type, 245 (17.9%) had pincer type, and 987 (72.0%) had mixed type. The prevalence of a pistol grip deformity and an alpha angle &gt;55\u00b0 was 577 (42.1%) and 1069 (78.0%), respectively. The mean alpha angle was 66.9\u00b0\u00b1 10.5\u00b0. The prevalence of pincer-type radiographic findings was the following: COS, 1062 (77.5%); coxa profunda, 844 (61.6%); ISS, 765 (55.8%); PWS, 764 (55.7%); T\u00f6nnis angle &lt;0\u00b0, 312 (22.8%); LCEA \u226540\u00b0, 170 (12.4%); and protrusio acetabuli, 7 (0.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of radiographic findings consistent with FAI in young patients with hip pain was 60.5%. Radiographic findings for mixed-type FAI were the most prevalent. The most common radiographic finding for cam-type FAI was an alpha angle &gt;55\u00b0. The most common radiographic finding for pincer-type FAI was the COS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519896355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T12:30:22Z","timestamp":1578659422000},"page":"647-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Prevalence of Radiographic Findings of Structural Hip Deformities for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Patients With Hip Pain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath P.","family":"Melugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena F.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devin P.","family":"Leland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Krych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.114"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150305-07"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091480"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000462"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-005-0932-9"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B7.15203"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01219"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26297"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.04.016"},{"key":"bibr10-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-006-0105-5"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546519896355","author":"Carton PF","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513488861"},{"key":"bibr13-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00756"},{"key":"bibr14-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2912-0"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5968-z"},{"key":"bibr16-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.10.016"},{"key":"bibr17-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.11.042"},{"key":"bibr18-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B8.0831119"},{"key":"bibr19-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000096804.78689.c2","volume":"417","author":"Ganz R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr20-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-013-0283-y"},{"key":"bibr21-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096743"},{"key":"bibr22-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhps\/hnx020"},{"key":"bibr23-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198612000-00004","volume":"213","author":"Harris WH","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr24-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.06.017"},{"key":"bibr25-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-004-0770-y"},{"key":"bibr26-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-007-0058-6"},{"key":"bibr27-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2362041987"},{"key":"bibr28-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13130"},{"key":"bibr29-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1302-y"},{"key":"bibr30-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200401000-00011"},{"key":"bibr31-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0853-3"},{"key":"bibr32-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0745-3"},{"key":"bibr33-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200401000-00009"},{"key":"bibr34-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199906000-00012"},{"key":"bibr35-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.03.005"},{"key":"bibr36-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B4.0840556"},{"key":"bibr37-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200709000-00006"},{"key":"bibr38-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-010-9192-x"},{"key":"bibr39-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B2.0810281"},{"key":"bibr40-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518790507"},{"key":"bibr41-0363546519896355","first-page":"S7","volume":"21","author":"Sankar WN","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"bibr42-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200302000-00033"},{"key":"bibr43-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00015"},{"key":"bibr44-0363546519896355","first-page":"869","volume":"18","author":"Smith-Petersen MN","year":"1936","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"bibr45-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112479"},{"key":"bibr46-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-4038-3"},{"key":"bibr47-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.0921"},{"key":"bibr48-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198111000-00001"},{"key":"bibr49-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199912000-00014"},{"key":"bibr50-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7816"},{"key":"bibr51-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00500"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr52-0363546519896355","first-page":"166","volume":"76","author":"Werner CM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"bibr53-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335010-00007"},{"key":"bibr54-0363546519896355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4815-2"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546519896355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0363546519896355","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546519896355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:49:29Z","timestamp":1777369769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546519896355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0363546519896355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546519896355","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]}}}