{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:19:41Z","timestamp":1790839181874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic full-thickness rotator cuff tears (FTRCTs) represent a major clinical concern because they show highly compromised healing capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of using a 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffold with human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)\u2013mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regeneration of chronic FTRCTs in a rabbit model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 32 rabbits were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (n = 8 per group) at 6 weeks after a 5-mm FTRCT was created on the supraspinatus tendon. Group 1 (G1-SAL) was transplanted with normal saline. Group 2 (G2-MSC) was transplanted with hUCB-MSCs (0.2 mL, 1 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) into FTRCTs. Group 3 (G3-3D) was transplanted with a 3D bioprinted construct without MSCs, and group 4 (G4-3D+MSC) was transplanted with a 3D bioprinted construct containing hUCB-MSCs (0.2 mL, 1 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells) into FTRCTs. All 32 rabbits were euthanized at 4 weeks after treatment. Examination of gross morphologic changes and histologic results was performed on all rabbits after sacrifice. Motion analysis was also performed before and after treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In G4-3D+MSC, newly regenerated collagen type 1 fibers, walking distance, fast walking time, and mean walking speed were greater than those in G2-MSC based on histochemical and motion analyses. In addition, when compared with G3-3D, G4-3D+MSC showed more prominent regenerated tendon fibers and better parameters of motion analysis. However, there was no significant difference in gross tear size among G2-MSC, G3-3D, and G4-3D+MSC, although these groups showed significant decreases in tear size as compared with the control group (G1-SAL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings of this study show that a tissue engineering strategy based on a 3D bioprinted scaffold filled with hUCB-MSCs can improve the microenvironment for regenerative processes of FTRCT without any surgical repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the case of rotator cuff tear, the cell loss of the external MSCs can be increased by exposure to synovial fluid. Therefore, a 3D bioprinted scaffold in combination with MSCs without surgical repair may be effective in increasing cell retention in FTRCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520904022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T12:08:46Z","timestamp":1584101326000},"page":"947-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A 3-Dimensional Bioprinted Scaffold With Human Umbilical Cord Blood\u2013Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Regeneration of Chronic Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Rak Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of 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of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Suk Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of 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