{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:29:43Z","timestamp":1780338583313,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"national health and medical research council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1133923, 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1133923, 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019568","name":"Alfred Trauma Service","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019568","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010164","name":"australian football league","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010164","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to head acceleration events (HAEs) has been associated with player sex, player position, and player experience in North American football, ice hockey, and lacrosse. Little is known of these factors in professional Australian football. Video analysis allows HAE verification and characterization of important determinants of injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize verified HAEs in the nonhelmeted contact sport of professional Australian football and investigate the association of sex, player position, and player experience with HAE frequency and magnitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Professional Australian football players wore a nonhelmeted accelerometer for 1 match, with data collected across 14 matches. HAEs with peak linear accelerations (PLAs) \u226530 g were verified with match video. Verified HAEs were summarized by frequency and median PLA and compared between the sexes, player position, and player experience. Characterization of match-related situations of verified HAEs was conducted, and the head impact rate per skill execution was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>92 male and 118 female players were recruited during the 2017 season. Male players sustained more HAEs (median, 1; IQR, 0-2) than female players (median, 0; IQR, 0-1; P = .007) during a match. The maximum PLAs incurred during a match were significantly higher in male players (median, 61.8 g; IQR, 40.5-87.1) compared with female players (median, 44.5 g; IQR, 33.6-74.8; P = .032). Neither player position nor experience was associated with HAE frequency. Of all verified HAEs, 52% (n = 110) occurred when neither team had possession of the football, and 46% (n = 98) were caused by contact from another player attempting to gain possession of the football. A subset of HAEs (n = 12; 5.7%) resulted in players seeking medical aid and\/or being removed from the match (median PLA, 58.8 g; IQR, 34.0-89.0), with 2 (male) players diagnosed with concussion after direct head impacts and associated PLAs of 62 g and 75 g, respectively. In the setting of catching (marking) the football, female players exhibited twice the head impact rate (16 per 100 marking contests) than male players (8 per 100 marking contests).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Playing situations in which players have limited control of the football are a common cause of impacts. Male players sustained a greater exposure to HAEs compared with female players. Female players, however, sustained higher exposure to HAEs than male players during certain skill executions, possibly reflecting differences in skill development. These findings can therefore inform match and skill development in the emerging professional women\u2019s competition of Australian football.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520912416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T17:51:37Z","timestamp":1586281897000},"page":"1485-1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["An Investigation of Factors Associated With Head Impact Exposure in Professional Male and Female Australian Football Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswadev","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Australian Collaboration for Research Into Injury in Sport and Its Prevention, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Football League, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Makdissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Campus, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack V.K.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Harcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Football League, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa S.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey V.","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, F. 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