{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:38:24Z","timestamp":1792813104121,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003126","name":"opetus- ja kulttuuriministeri\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004371","name":"tampereen yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9S047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9S047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004371","name":"tampereen yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9T046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9T046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004371","name":"tampereen yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9U044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9U044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004371","name":"tampereen yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9X042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9X042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies investigating biomechanical risk factors for knee injuries in sport-specific tasks are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between change of direction (COD) biomechanics in a 180-degree pivot turn and knee injury risk among youth team sport players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 258 female and male basketball and floorball players (age range, 12-21 years) participated in the baseline COD test and follow-up. Complete data were obtained from 489 player-legs. Injuries, practice, and game exposure were registered for 12 months. The COD test consisted of a quick ball pass before and after a high-speed 180-degree pivot turn on the force plates. The following variables were analyzed: peak vertical ground-reaction force (N\/kg); peak trunk lateral flexion angle (degree); peak knee flexion angle (degree); peak knee valgus angle (degree); peak knee flexion moment (N\u00b7m\/kg); peak knee abduction moment (N\u00b7m\/kg); and peak knee internal and external rotation moments (N\u00b7m\/kg). Legs were analyzed separately and the mean of 3 trials was used in the analysis. Main outcome measure was a new acute noncontact knee injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 18 new noncontact knee injuries were registered (0.3 injuries\/1000 hours of exposure). Female players sustained 14 knee injuries and male players 4. A higher rate of knee injuries was observed in female players compared with male players (incidence rate ratio, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.1-21.7). Of all knee injuries, 8 were anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, all in female players. Female players displayed significantly larger peak knee valgus angles compared with male players (mean for female and male players, respectively: 13.9\u00b0\u00b1 9.4\u00b0 and 2.0\u00b0\u00b1 8.5\u00b0). No significant associations between biomechanical variables and knee injury risk were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female players were at increased risk of knee and ACL injury compared with male players. Female players performed the 180-degree pivot turn with significantly larger knee valgus compared with male players. However, none of the investigated variables was associated with knee injury risk in youth basketball and floorball players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211026944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T17:04:56Z","timestamp":1626800696000},"page":"2651-2658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Change of Direction Biomechanics in a 180-Degree Pivot Turn and the Risk for Noncontact Knee Injuries in Youth Basketball and Floorball Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mari","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 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