{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:34:31Z","timestamp":1793230471248,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Predicting the risk of recurrence is of great interest when counseling patients after primary lateral patellar dislocation (LPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate a multivariate model to predict the individual risk of recurrent LPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population included patients with primary LPD, knee imaging, and a minimum 2-year follow-up after nonoperative treatment. Data including patient characteristics and anatomic patellar instability risk factors were collected retrospectively from 7 national study centers. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried out to identify risk factors for recurrent LPD and to generate an accuracy-optimized model for out-of-sample prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 115 of 201 patients (57%) experienced recurrent LPD within 2 years after primary LPD. Age \u226416 years at primary LPD (odds ratio [OR], 5.0), history of contralateral instability (OR, 2.4), and trochlear dysplasia (Dejour type B-D: OR, 2.5; lateral trochlear inclination \u226412\u00b0: OR, 2.7) were significant risk factors for recurrent LPD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). The prediction accuracy including these 3 risk factors was 79%. Patella alta, an increased tibial tubercle to trochlear groove distance, and patellar tilt had neither an association with increased recurrence rates nor an influence on prediction accuracy of recurrent LPD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young age and trochlear dysplasia are major risk factors for early recurrent LPD. A multivariate model including age at primary LPD, lateral trochlear inclination, and history of contralateral LPD achieved the highest prediction accuracy. Based on these findings, the patellar instability probability calculator is proposed to estimate the individual risk of early recurrence when counseling patients after primary LPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211063176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:50:48Z","timestamp":1642755048000},"page":"471-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The Patellar Instability Probability Calculator: A Multivariate-Based Model to Predict the Individual Risk of Recurrent Lateral Patellar Dislocation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Guido","family":"Wierer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Krabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhold","family":"Ortmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ordensklinikum Barmherzige Schwestern Linz, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Sch\u00fctzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schlumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Sports Orthopedics and Special Joint Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Markgroeningen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUVA Trauma Center Salzburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Ingruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUVA Trauma Hospital Lorenz Boehler\u2014European Hand Trauma Center, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinzenz","family":"Smekal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUVA Trauma Center Klagenfurt, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Attal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Academic Hospital Feldkirch, LKH Feldkirch, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Seitlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthofocus, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518803936"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4117-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516663498"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2650-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0015-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4716-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.2.r00au07582"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"385","article-title":"Method of measuring the height of the patella","volume":"55","author":"Caton J","year":"1989","unstructured":"Caton J. 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