{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T14:44:19Z","timestamp":1778078659744,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"national research foundation of korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a lack of studies about serum and tissue vitamin D levels of the rotator cuff muscle on muscle power, fatty degeneration, and healing failure after rotator cuff repair (RCR). Furthermore, no studies have evaluated vitamin D receptor proteins in the rotator cuff that show a close association with serum vitamin D levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the correlations between serum vitamin D and tissue vitamin D as well as perioperative variables of arthroscopic RCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From March 2017 to October 2017, a total of 36 patients who underwent RCR were prospectively enrolled, and supraspinatus muscle tissue was obtained during surgery to analyze tissue vitamin D levels. Serum vitamin D levels were checked preoperatively and at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Tissue vitamin D levels were assessed using liquid chromatography, and the vitamin D receptor was measured by western blotting. Isokinetic muscle performance test (IMPT; peak torque and torque deficiency compared with the opposite shoulder) results and fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff using the Goutallier classification were assessed preoperatively and at 1 year after surgery. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score and Constant score were collected at 2 years after surgery. Healing failure of the repaired rotator cuff was analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging at 1 year after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, only three patients (8.3%) had serum vitamin D sufficiency (&gt;20 ng\/mL). Among 36 patients, 26 patients returned for their 1-year follow-up. Lower preoperative serum vitamin D levels resulted in lower serum vitamin D levels at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively (all P &lt; .05). Lower preoperative and 1-year postoperative serum vitamin D levels resulted in more torque deficiency on the IMPT in abduction than higher preoperative and 1-year postoperative serum vitamin D levels (all P &lt; .05). Tissue vitamin D levels had a strong correlation with preoperative serum vitamin D levels ( P = .001). Lower tissue vitamin D levels were associated with lower peak torque on the IMPT in abduction ( P = .043) and a tendency of lower peak torque on the IMPT in external rotation ( P = .077) at 1 year postoperatively. There was no correlation between tissue and serum vitamin D levels and functional outcomes, fatty degeneration, and healing failure after surgery (all P &gt; .05). The vitamin D receptor showed no correlation with any variables (all P &gt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower preoperative serum vitamin D levels had a strong correlation with lower tissue vitamin D levels and lower serum vitamin D levels at 1 year after surgery. Furthermore, the patients with lower serum vitamin D levels showed more weakness of muscle power perioperatively. The results of this study emphasized the association between vitamin D levels and rotator cuff muscle power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221145711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T09:51:15Z","timestamp":1675677075000},"page":"723-732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Serum Vitamin D Level Correlations With Tissue Vitamin D Level and Muscle Performance Before and After Rotator Cuff Repair"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shoulder & Elbow Clinic, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8406-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Jang","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyunghoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of 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