{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T18:32:10Z","timestamp":1794335530032,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016275","name":"seoul national university bundang hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 14-2021-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 14-2021-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional restoration of the bone-to-tendon interface (BTI) after rotator cuff repair is a challenge. Therefore, numerous biocompatible biomaterials for promoting BTI healing have been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the efficacy of scaffolds with spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors (GFs) to accelerate BTI healing after rotator cuff repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An advanced 3-dimensional printing technique was used to fabricate bioactive scaffolds with spatiotemporal delivery of multiple GFs targeting the tendon, fibrocartilage, and bone regions. In total, 50 rabbits were used: 2 nonoperated controls and 48 rabbits with induced chronic rotator cuff tears (RCTs). The animals with RCTs were divided into 3 groups: (A) saline injection, (B) scaffold without GF, and (C) scaffold with GF. To induce chronic models, RCTs were left unrepaired for 6 weeks; then, surgical repairs with or without bioactive scaffolds were performed. For groups B and C, each scaffold was implanted between the bony footprint and the supraspinatus tendon. Four weeks after repair, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to evaluate early signs of regenerative healing. Histological, biomechanical, and micro\u2013computed tomography analyses were performed 12 weeks after repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group C had the highest mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha 1, collagen type III alpha 1, and aggrecan. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the formation of an aggrecan\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/collagen II\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      fibrocartilaginous matrix at the BTI when repaired with scaffold with GFs. Histologic analysis revealed greater collagen fiber continuity, denser collagen fibers, and a more mature tendon-to-bone junction in GF-embedded scaffolds than those in the other groups. Group C demonstrated the highest load-to-failure ratio, and modulus mapping showed that the distribution of the micromechanical properties of the BTI repaired with GF-embedded scaffolds was comparable with that of the native BTI. Micro\u2013computed tomography analysis identified the highest bone mineral density and bone volume\/total volume ratio in group C.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bioactive scaffolds with spatially embedded GFs have significant potential to promote the BTI healing of chronic RCTs in a rabbit model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scaffolds with spatiotemporal delivery of GF may serve as an off-the-shelf biomaterial graft to promote the healing of RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231180289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T19:51:43Z","timestamp":1687549903000},"page":"2431-2442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Bioactive Scaffold With Spatially Embedded Growth Factors Promotes Bone-to-Tendon Interface Healing of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear in Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng Chen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of 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