{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:48:23Z","timestamp":1792900103830,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microfracture is the most common treatment for cartilage defects of the knee. In microfracture surgery, holes are randomly drilled into the subchondral bone. The effect of the hole's location on its interaction with the cartilage defect site and its influence on the healing process is currently uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of different microfracture locations on healing in a rabbit knee osteochondral defect model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 29 adult New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 5 groups. In the healthy cartilage control group (n = 5), no surgical procedure was performed. Cylindrical full-thickness cartilage defects (5 \u00d7 3 mm) were created in the patellar groove of the remaining 24 rabbits. In the defect control group (n = 6), only the defect was created. A microfracture was performed at the 12-o\u2019clock position (group peripheral single; n = 6), centrally (group central; n = 6), and at the 12- and 6-o\u2019clock positions (group peripheral double; n = 6) of the defect. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Cartilage healing was evaluated by International Cartilage Regeneration &amp; Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) score, modified O\u2019Driscoll score, immunohistochemical analysis (type 1 collagen, type 2 collagen, and aggrecan), and scanning electron microscopy analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In group peripheral double, better cartilage healing was observed in all parameters compared with the other groups ( P &lt; .05). Group peripheral double had the greatest amount of filling, with 79% of the defect area filled with fibrocartilage repair tissue. Group peripheral single demonstrated filling of 73% of the defect area, group central 56%, and the defect control group 45%. The ICRS score was significantly higher in group peripheral single compared with group central and the defect control group. Type 2 collagen and aggrecan immunoreactivity were significantly stronger in group central than group peripheral single and the defect control group ( P &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microfracture performed at the peripheral margin of the defect had better filling characteristics in a rabbit model. This study suggests that interaction of pluripotent cells released from the microfracture site with the intact cartilage may enhance the quality of the repair tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The location of microfracture holes in relation to the peripheral border of the osteochondral defect (to the intact cartilage) is important in both the quality and the quantity of the newly formed repair tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231188446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T06:48:05Z","timestamp":1692341285000},"page":"3025-3034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Histomorphological Investigation of Microfracture Location in a Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ali Ihsan","family":"Kilic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Izmir Bak\u0131rcay University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Hapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadan","family":"Ozmanevra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Oregon Shoulder Institute, Medford, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"Akokay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir Kavram Vocational School, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekir Ugur","family":"Ergur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Can","family":"Kosay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03635465231188446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00008"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-03635465231188446","first-page":"88","volume":"28","author":"Chen FS","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"bibr3-03635465231188446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.04.010"},{"key":"bibr4-03635465231188446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511403282"},{"key":"bibr5-03635465231188446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21386"},{"key":"bibr6-03635465231188446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20905"},{"key":"bibr7-03635465231188446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514547029"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-03635465231188446","first-page":"42","volume":"11","author":"Gilbert 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