{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:34:32Z","timestamp":1788266072330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reconstruction techniques for anterior glenoid bone loss have seen a trend from screws to suture-based fixations. However, comparative biomechanical data, including primary fixation and glenoid-graft contact pressure mapping, are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suture-based bone block cerclage (BBC) and suspensory suture button (SB) techniques provide similar primary fixation and cyclic stability to double-screw fixation but with higher contact loading at the bony interface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 60 cadaveric scapulae were prepared to simulate anterior glenoid bone loss with coracoid autograft reconstruction. Graft fixation was performed with 3 different techniques: (1) an interconnected all-suture BBC, (2) 2 SB suspensions, and (3) 2 screws. Initial compression was analyzed during primary fixation. Cyclic peak loading with 50 N and 100 N over 250 cycles at 1 Hz was performed with a constant valley load of 25 N. Optical recording and pressure foils allowed for spatial bone block tracking and contact pressure mapping at the glenoid-graft interface. Load-to-failure testing was performed at a rate of 1.5 mm\/s with ultimate load and stiffness measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initial graft compression was higher with screw fixation (141 \u00b1 5 N) compared with suture-based fixations ( P &lt; .001), with BBC fixation providing significantly higher compression than SB fixation (116 \u00b1 7 N vs. 91 \u00b1 5 N; P &lt; .001). Spatial bone block migration and ultimate failure load were similar between the BBC and screw groups. The SB group showed significantly increased bone block translation (3.1 \u00b1 1.0 mm; P\u2264 .014) and rotation (2.5\u00b0\u00b1 1.4\u00b0; P\u2264 .025) and significantly lower ultimate failure load (180 \u00b1 53 N) compared with the BBC ( P = .046) and screw ( P = .002) groups. Both suture-based fixations provided significantly increased graft-glenoid contact loading with higher pressure amplitudes ( P\u2264 .032) and contact pressure after cyclic loading (+13%; SB: P = .007; BBC: P = .004) compared with screw fixation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both SB and interconnected cerclage fixation improved dynamic contact loading compared with screw fixation in a biomechanical glenoid bone loss model. Cerclage fixation was biomechanically comparable with screw fixation but with a greater variability. SB fixation showed significantly lower primary fixation strength and greater bone block rotation and migration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suture-based bone block fixations improved graft-glenoid contact loading, but the overall clinical consequence on healing remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231188976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T05:12:43Z","timestamp":1692335563000},"page":"2858-2868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Primary Stability and Bone Contact Loading Evaluation of Suture and Screw based Coracoid Graft Fixation for Anterior Glenoid Bone Loss"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ritter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthrex Department of Orthopedic Research, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul-Ilah","family":"Hachem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology Surgery, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge & Centro M\u00e9dico Teknon, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Scheibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patric","family":"Raiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OCM Clinic, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2641-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Denard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Oregon Orthopedics, Medford, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Campagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthrex Department of Orthopedic Research, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coen A.","family":"Wijdicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthrex Department of Orthopedic Research, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Bachmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthrex Department of Orthopedic Research, Munich, 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