{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T21:27:17Z","timestamp":1781040437226,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001279","name":"orthopaedic research and education foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Defense","award":["W81XWH-20-1-0040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-20-1-0040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents who experience a patellar dislocation have an elevated risk of patellofemoral posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2013based T1\u03c1 relaxation times were measured for adolescents to evaluate patellofemoral cartilage after patellar dislocation. Long T1\u03c1 relaxation times are an indicator of cartilage degradation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary hypothesis is that patellofemoral cartilage T1\u03c1 relaxation times will be elevated in the acute phase after patellar dislocation. The secondary hypothesis is that T1\u03c1 relaxation times will be higher for knees with multiple rather than single dislocations due to repeated traumatic injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 23 adolescents being treated for a recent patellar dislocation, 13 for a first-time dislocation (47 \u00b1 38 days since most recent dislocation) and 10 for multiple dislocations (55 \u00b1 24 days since most recent dislocation), and 10 healthy controls participated in MRI-based T1\u03c1 relaxation time mapping. For multiple regions of the patellofemoral joint, mean T1\u03c1 values were compared between the 3 groups with multiple group comparisons and post hoc tests. T1\u03c1 relaxation times were also correlated against measures of patellofemoral anatomy and alignment for single and multiple dislocations. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; .05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T1\u03c1 relaxation times were significantly longer for injured knees (single and multiple dislocations) than controls at the medial and central patella and central trochlear groove. For the regions on the patella, significant differences between injured and control knees exceeded 15%. No significant differences were identified between single and multiple dislocations. For the initial dislocation group, T1\u03c1 relaxation times within multiple regions of the patellofemoral joint were significantly correlated with lateral patellar alignment or patellar height.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated patellofemoral cartilage T1\u03c1 relaxation times are consistent with a high risk of long-term patellofemoral osteoarthritis for adolescents who experience patellar dislocations. T1\u03c1 relaxation times were elevated for multiple regions of patellofemoral cartilage. T1\u03c1 relaxation times were expected to increase with additional dislocation episodes, but relaxation times after single and multiple dislocations were similar. After a first dislocation, parameters related to patellar maltracking were correlated with cartilage degradation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231205562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T08:33:16Z","timestamp":1698481996000},"page":"3714-3723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patellar Dislocation in Adolescent Patients: Influence on Cartilage Properties Based on T1\u03c1 Relaxation Times"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Lutul D.","family":"Farrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9298-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Akron General, 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