{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:12:31Z","timestamp":1781104351283,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFA1201303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1201303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC2022CRT021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2022CRT021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Introduction Project of Clinical Medicine Expert Team for Suzhou","award":["SZYJTD201714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZYJTD201714"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Talent Development Funding Scheme","award":["2020080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020080"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project of General Administration of Sport of China","award":["22KJCX010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22KJCX010"]}]},{"name":"Medical Engineering Joint Fund of Fudan University","award":["YG2022-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2022-14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) promotes tissue healing by modulating inflammation, which has implications for meniscal tear healing in the avascular zone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of a single dose of radial ESWT on the healing process and inflammation of the meniscus and knee joints after meniscal tears in the avascular zone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avascular tears were induced in the medial meniscus (MM) of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats. One week postoperatively, the rats received a single session of radial ESWT with a Power+ handpiece (ESWT group; n = 36) or with a fake handpiece (sham-ESWT group; n = 36). The rats were then euthanized at 2, 4, or 8 weeks postoperatively. The MMs were harvested for analysis of healing (hematoxylin-eosin, safranin O\u2013Fast Green, and collagen type 2 staining) and inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1\u03b2 and IL-6 staining). Lateral menisci and synovia were obtained to evaluate knee joint inflammation (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6). Cartilage degeneration was assessed in the femurs and tibial plateaus using safranin O\u2013Fast Green staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ESWT group showed significantly better meniscal healing scores than the sham-ESWT group at 4 ( P = .0066) and 8 ( P = .0050) weeks postoperatively. The IL-1\u03b2 level was significantly higher in the sham-ESWT group than in the ESWT group at 2 (MM: P = .0009; knee joint: P = .0160) and 8 (MM: P = .0399; knee joint: P = .0001) weeks. The IL-6 level was significantly lower in the sham-ESWT group than in the ESWT group at 2 (knee joint: P = .0184) and 4 (knee joint: P = .0247) weeks but higher at 8 weeks (MM: P = .0169; knee joint: P = .0038). The sham group had significantly higher osteoarthritis scores than the ESWT group at 4 (tibial plateau: P = .0157) and 8 (femur: P = .0048; tibial plateau: P = .0359) weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single dose of radial ESWT promoted meniscal tear healing in the avascular zone, modulated inflammatory factors in the menisci and knee joints in rats, and alleviated cartilage degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radial ESWT can be considered a potential option for improving meniscal tear healing in the avascular zone because of its ability to modulate inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  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