{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:21:36Z","timestamp":1793074896861,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["493624047!"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["493624047!"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injuries of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) and anteromedial structures of the knee result in excess valgus rotation and external tibial rotation (ER) as well as tibial translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate a flat reconstruction of the sMCL and anteromedial structures in restoring knee kinematics in the combined MCL- and anteromedial-deficient knee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight cadaveric knee specimens were tested in a 6 degrees of freedom robotic test setup. Force-controlled clinical laxity tests were performed with 200 N of axial compression in 0\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 60\u00b0, and 90\u00b0 of flexion: 8 N\u00b7m valgus torque, 5 N\u00b7m ER torque, 89 N anterior tibial translation (ATT) force, and an anteromedial drawer test consisting of 89 N ATT force under 5 N\u00b7m ER torque. After determining the native knee kinematics, we transected the sMCL, followed by the deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL). Subsequently, a flat reconstruction of the sMCL with anteromedial limb, mimicking the function of the anteromedial corner, was performed. Mixed linear models were used for statistical analysis ( P &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cutting of the sMCL led to statistically significant increases in laxity regarding valgus rotation, ER, and anteromedial translation in all tested flexion angles ( P &lt; .05). ATT was significantly increased in all flexion angles but not at 60\u00b0 after cutting of the sMCL. A combined instability of the sMCL and dMCL led to further increased knee laxity in all tested kinematics and flexion angles ( P &lt; .05). After reconstruction, the knee kinematics were not significantly different from those of the native state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insufficiency of the sMCL and dMCL led to excess valgus rotation, ER, ATT, and anteromedial tibial translation. A combined flat reconstruction of the sMCL and the anteromedial aspect restored this excess laxity to values not significantly different from those of the native knee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presented reconstruction might lead to favorable results for patients with MCL and anteromedial injuries with an anteromedial rotatory knee instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241280984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T04:29:15Z","timestamp":1727929755000},"page":"3306-3313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Flat Reconstruction of the Medial Collateral Ligament and Anteromedial Structures Restores Native Knee Kinematics: A Biomechanical Robotic Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Deichsel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Peez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Raschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Herbort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OCM Clinic, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kittl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gelenkpunkt, Sports and Joint Surgery Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmar","family":"Herbst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, 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