{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T11:55:09Z","timestamp":1793793309216,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Turf toe is a plantar plate injury of the first metatarsophalangeal joint that commonly occurs in athletes participating in outdoor cutting sports. However, there is a lack of evidence-based consensus on treatment guidelines and surgical outcomes in the current literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to report on postoperative clinical outcomes and return to sport for athletic patients treated for both acute and chronic grade 3 turf toe injuries at the authors\u2019 institution. It was hypothesized that patients would have significant improvement in pre- to postoperative clinical outcomes and quickly return to sport after surgical repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The records of patients who received plantar plate repair at the first metatarsophalangeal joint between February 2016 to July 2022 by 3 fellowship-trained foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included athletes of at least high school\u2013level competition who underwent plantar plate repair for a primary diagnosis of turf toe injury. Excluded were patients with histories of ipsilateral forefoot surgeries, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout. In total, 28 patients were identified and screened for inclusion. Patient-reported outcomes via Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores were collected preoperatively and at least 1 year postoperatively for all patients. Return-to-sport data were collected via telephone call. Bilateral preoperative and postoperative radiographs were analyzed to measure preoperative and postoperative sesamoid diastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The improvement in pre- to postoperative PROMIS scores was found to be significant for Physical Function, Pain Interference, Pain Intensity, and Global Physical Health. A total of 21 return-to-sport surveys were completed from the patient cohort. Nineteen of 21 (90.5%) of patients were able to return to preinjury levels of physical competition. The mean time to return to sport was 20.4 weeks (range, 12-32 weeks). Both medial and lateral sesamoids demonstrated a significant pre- to postoperative improvement in sesamoid diastasis. No difference in outcomes was observed between acute and chronic injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who received plantar plate repair for a grade 3 turf toe injury demonstrated significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes and were able to quickly return to sport at a high rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465251344313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:20:59Z","timestamp":1749169259000},"page":"1988-1995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Return to Sport and Radiographic Postoperative Outcomes After Grade 3 Turf Toe Surgical Repair"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5528-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saanchi","family":"Kukadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Josephson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayson","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Shamrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Holly","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Drakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718765225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00132587-200212000-00004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Turf-toe: a shoe-surface related football injury","volume":"8","author":"Bowers KD","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bowers KD, Martin RB. Turf-toe: a shoe-surface related football injury. 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