{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1791432729822,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Iliocapsularis (IC) muscle hypertrophy in borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) suggests a possible role as a dynamic hip stabilizer. However, its significance in hip microinstability (MI) without acetabular undercoverage remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To compare IC muscle dimensions and fatty infiltration between patients with MI, BDDH, and mixed-type femoroacetabular impingement (mFAI), and assess the association between IC muscle morphology and hip pathology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n Case-control study; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for hip pathology between January 2014 and December 2022. Patients were categorized based on lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) into BDDH (18\u00b0 to <25\u00b0), MI (25\u00b0 to 39\u00b0), and mFAI (>39\u00b0) groups. Preoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were reviewed, and IC muscle dimensions, including width, depth, cross-sectional area (CSA), IC fatty infiltration, and combined IC and iliopsoas (IP) (IC+IP) CSA, were measured by 3 independent observers. A priori power analysis was performed. Statistical analyses included parametric and nonparametric comparative tests, interobserver correlation coefficients, and receiver operating characteristic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 95 hips were included in this study. IC depth, width, and CSA and IC+IP CSA were significantly smaller in the MI group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05 for all). Interobserver agreement was good to excellent for IC width (IRC, 0.87), IC CSA (IRC, 0.87), and IC+IP CSA (IRC, 0.96), but poor for IC depth (IRC, 0.26). The alpha angle did not significantly differ among groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .093). The MI group had a higher proportion of female patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .003). No significant differences were noted in radiographic markers, including the ischial spine sign (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .083), crossover sign (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .130), and posterior wall sign (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .41).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n No detectable IC hypertrophy was observed in the MI group compared with the BDDH and mFAI groups, with patients with MI showing smaller IC width, depth, and CSA. The study offers a reproducible measurement technique with good interobserver agreement. IC muscle mass has limited prognostic value in predicting hip MI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465251344600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T06:04:16Z","timestamp":1749708256000},"page":"2181-2188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of the Iliocapsularis in Hip Microinstability: A Comparative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazdan","family":"Raji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinsley J.","family":"Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole S.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Boutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc R.","family":"Safran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1705-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.13383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11999-008-0626-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00167-022-06998-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-06925-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B7.31109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00402-016-2572-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221149700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199407000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231184395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4382-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117740121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11999-007-0058-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4377-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518810731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.04.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Can local muscles augment stability in the hip? A narrative literature review","volume":"13","author":"Retchford TH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Retchford TH, Crossley KM, Grimaldi A, Kemp JL, Cowan SM. Can local muscles augment stability in the hip? A narrative literature review. 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