{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:33:13Z","timestamp":1777386793510,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,1]],"date-time":"1983-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":415324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    An athlete was filmed at high speed to anatomically plot the position of the vertebrae during several pole vaults. A computer analysis adapted from a previously described program (Gainor, BJ, et al: The kick: Bio mechanics and collision injury. Am J Sports Med 6: 185-193, 1978) was used to quantify the kinematic data. The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of the pole vaulter began in a neutral position but rapidly hyper- extended 40\u00b0 during pole plant. The spine subse quently flexed 130\u00b0 in 0.65 seconds as the pole uncoiled and the athlete was propelled towards the bar. Angular velocities of the spine reached a maxi mum of 6 radians\/sec during both extension and flexion. More significantly, angular accelerations of 150 radians\/sec\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    occurred in hyperextension, and 180 radians\/sec\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in hyperflexion. Torque about the spine was estimated to be 1,500 inch-pounds during extension and 1,800 inch-pounds during flexion. The maximum kinetic energy in the athlete's body was calculated to be 36,000 inch-pounds. We believe the magnitude of these torques and accelerations predis pose the back to injury. These results were correlated with several cases of spondylolysis in competing polevau Iters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"53-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Biomechanics of the spine in the polevaulter as related to spondylolysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Gainor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Joint Motion\u2014Method of Measuring and Recording, Chicago, p. 46-47, 1965","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196547060-00022"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Contini R.: Body segment parameters. Part II. Artif Limbs. 16: 1-19, 1972"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B2.659472"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Doherty JK: Track and Field Omnibook. Los Altos, California, Tafnews Press, 1971, pp. 62-68"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farfan HF, Osteria V., et al: The mechanical etiology of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis . Clin Orthop 117: 40-55, 1976","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197606000-00005"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657800600407"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800210"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657900700614"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson DW, Wiltse LL, et al: Spondylolysis in the female gymnast. Clin Orthop 117: 68-73, 1976","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197606000-00008"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Rossi F.: Spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis and sports. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 18: 317-340, 1978"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557010-00003"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354658301100201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354658301100201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:37:11Z","timestamp":1777369031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354658301100201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,3]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354658301100201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354658301100201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,3]]}}}