{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:35:12Z","timestamp":1790760912094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,9,1]],"date-time":"1983-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":431222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A kinematic study of five adult cadaver knees was performed to determine the behavior of the separation distances connecting all combinations of a network of points on the lateral side of the knee. Measurements were obtained between each pair of points at the level of the capsule for seven different angles of flexion ranging from 0 to 125\u00b0. The data obtained allow further analysis of tendinous reconstructions attached to each pair of points as regards stretching and laxity through out a normally occurring range of motion. The Rowe- Zarins combined intra- and extraarticular reconstruc tion, the Sling-and-Reef procedure, and other extraar ticular methods were analyzed in light of these data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Attachment of a reconstruction at the proximal an terolateral tibia, in front of Gerdy's tubercle paired with femoral attachment high and proximal to the origin of the lateral collateral ligament on the femur, was ob served to demonstrate favorable behavior for several reasons. First, such a check reign represents an ob vious, major restraint to anterior translation as it is positioned well posteriorly on the femur and anteriorly on the tibia. Second, the attachment points were seen to demonstrate maximum separation between 15 and 45\u00b0 of flexion, thereby not being forced into any unde sirable stretching if the knee were to move normally throughout the other portions of the motion cycle. Consequently, obligate stretch with full flexion or full extension would appear unlikely. Separation distances between attachment points were highly dependent upon changes in the femoral fixation point and much less variable as a result of tibial attachment position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Placing the knee through a flexion-extension range of motion with the tibia held unnaturally in external rotation, which is frequently done in the operating room, violates the normal kinematic pattern of knee motion. As a result, unsuitable attachment points may erro neously appear well behaved. This observation may offer one important explanation for long-term stretching of a ligament reconstruction which appeared satisfac torily tight and strong at the time of surgery. The data obtained allow proper positioning of anterolateral re constructions so that this mode of stretching will not be encountered as a result of normal knee motion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"293-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Optimization of knee ligament position for lateral extraarticular reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Krackow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Orthopaedics, and Good Samaritan Hospital Division of Arthritis Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Orthopaedics, and Good Samaritan Hospital Division of Arthritis Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartel LD, Marshal JL, Schieck RA, et al Surgical repositioning of the medial collateral ligament an anatomic and mechanical analysis J Bone Joint Surg 59A 107-116, 1977","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759010-00020"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Brantigan OC , Voshell AF The mechanics of the ligaments and menisci of the knee joint J Bone Joint Surg 23A 44-46, 1941"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961030-00002"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Ficat RP, Hungerford DS Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint, Baltimore , Williams & Wilkins, 1977, p 29"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodsir J. Anatomy and mechanism of the knee joint, in The Anatomical Memoirs of John Goodsir Edited by Turner Edinburgh , Adams and Charles Black, 1868","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.27288"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Hoogland T. Intra-articular reconstruction of the antenor cruciate ligament Presented at the International Society of the Knee, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 1981"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Kapandji, IA The Physiology of the Joints. Vol ll New York, Churchill Livingston, 1970, p 134"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860080-00001"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Rowe C., Zarins B.: Combined intra and extra-articular reconstruction for anterolateral instability Sixth Interim Meeting of Amencan Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia , 1980"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Torg JS, Cooley L. An extra-articular antenor cruciate ligament substitution utilizing fibular osteotomy with lateral collateral ligament and biceps advancement technique: a preliminary report of 250 cases. Sixth Annual Meeting of AOSSM, Big Sky, Montana, 1980"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(73)90016-X"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(80)90354-1"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354658301100503","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354658301100503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:37:19Z","timestamp":1777369039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354658301100503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,9]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354658301100503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354658301100503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,9]]}}}