{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:46:35Z","timestamp":1791182795966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]],"date-time":"1988-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":573177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There has been a growing interest in the use of allo grafts as ACL substitutes. Allografts are often freeze dried to increase shelf storage time and sterilized with ethylene oxide. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a specific ethylene oxide sterilization pro cedure and freeze drying process on the initial mechan ical properties of femur-ACL-tibia preparations. Twelve knees (stifle joints) from six mature goats were divided into two groups (one knee of pair to each group). Knees were cleaned of all soft tissue except for the anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, and collateral ligaments. Group 1 was sterilized with ethylene oxide (simulating clean procurement) then freeze dried. Group 2 was freeze dried only (simulating sterile procurement). The knees were rehydrated and then tested in tension to failure to determine their structural mechanical proper ties. The ethylene oxide-freeze dried specimens (Group 1) had a mean maximum load before failure of 2059 \u00b1 273 newtons (N) (\u00b1 SE) which was not statistically different than the maximum load of the freeze dried specimens (Group 2) of 2023 \u00b1 214 N. The average strength of Group 1 and 2 combined was not signifi cantly different than a third group of 12 normal femur- ACL-tibia controls which had an average maximum force of 2403 \u00b1 133 N. No significant differences be tween the groups were observed for stiffness, energy to maximum strength, or elongation to maximum force. It appears the freeze dry processing, with or without ethylene oxide sterilization, using the procedure we used, has, at most, a small effect on the initial mechan ical properties of the preparations. The low mechanical properties of implanted and revascularized allografts, as compared to normal femur-ACL-tibia complex ap pears to be related more to fixation strength and alter ations which occur in the ligament substance after implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658801600203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"101-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["The effects of processing techniques on the mechanical properties of bone-anterior cruciate ligament-bone allografts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"D.W.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Center for Sports Medicine Long Beach, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.S.","family":"Grood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noyes-Giannestras Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Progressive Orthopaedics, Inc., Akron, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.L.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noyes-Giannestras Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.M.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Center for Sports Medicine Long Beach, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.P.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noyes-Giannestras Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00010"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1982.00510140037010"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Barad S., Cabaud HE, Rodngo JJ: The effect of storage at -80 degrees C as compared to 4 degrees C on the strength of Rhesus monkey antenor cruciate ligament. 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