{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:23:34Z","timestamp":1789770214570,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,5,1]],"date-time":"1989-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":609984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During the last few decades, the incidence of tendon ruptures has increased in civilized countries. Our ma terial comprises 749 patients who had 832 tendon ruptures treated surgically between 1972 and 1985. There were no competitive athletes among the patients studied. There were 292 single ruptures of the Achilles tendon, 274 of the proximal biceps brachii, 113 of the extensor pollicis longus, and 70 of other tendons. Forty- eight patients had multiple ruptures and 35 patients had reruptures. Achilles tendon ruptures often occurred in recreational sports activities (59%), in contrast to other tendon ruptures (2%; P &lt; 0.001). The mean age for patients who had Achilles tendon rupture was 35.2 years and for patients with other ruptures, 50.7 years (P &lt; 0.001). There was a connection between the high incidence of blood group O and tendon ruptures (P&lt; 0.001). In cases of multiple ruptures and reruptures, the frequency of blood group O was 71%. Sixty-two point three percent of the patients with Achilles tendon rupture were professionals or white collar workers, which is markedly more than in the Hungarian popula tion (12.7%; P &lt; 0.001). Two hundred and six Achilles tendon ruptures were studied histologically, and all cases displayed pathological alterations. The results indicate that complete rupture of the Achilles tendon is usually a sequel to a sedentary life-style and participa tion in sports activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"338-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":315,"title":["The role of recreational sport activity in Achilles tendon rupture"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Jozsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.J.","family":"Balint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Reffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jarvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Barzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, Hungary, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Arner O., Lindholm A., Orell SR: Histologic changes in subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon A study of 74 cases Acta Chir Scand 116 484-490, 1959"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500101"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cetti R., Christensen SE Surgical treatment under local anesthesia of Achilles tendon rupture Clin Orthop 173: 204-208, 1983","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198303000-00028"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Chnstensen J. : Rupture of the Achilles tendon Analysis of 57 cases. Acta Chir Scand 106 50-60, 1953-1954"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197503000-00025"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Freilinger G. , Scheuba G., Schurer-Waldeim H. Die Achillessechnenruptur und ihre naht mit hilfe der plantarissehne. Wschr Unfallheilk 73. 523-531, 1970"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417140"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078500600107"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Holz U. Die Achilles sehnen ruptur-klinische und ultrastrukturelle aspekte , in Chapchal G (ed) Sportverletzungen und Sportschaden Stuttgart, Georg Tieme, 1983, pp 75-77"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Holz U., Ascherl J.: Die Achillessehnenruptur Eine klinische analyse von 560 verletzungen . Chir Praxis 28: 511-526, 1981"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inglis AE, Sculco TP: Surgical repair of ruptures of the tendo Achillis. Clin Orthop 156: 160-169, 1981","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198105000-00021"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Jozsa L., Reffy A., Demel S.: Pathological alterations of human tendons. Experiences from 1946 tendon examinations In Press, 1988"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kellam JF, Hunter GA, McElwain JP: Review of the operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. Clin Orthop 201: 80-83, 1985","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198512000-00014"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Kvist M., Jarvinen M.: Zur Epidemiologie von Sportverletzungen und Fehlbelastungen Patienten\u2014Analyse einer sportmedizinischen poliklinik. Med Sport 20: 375-378, 1980"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00313028709065127"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197209000-00008"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Lagergren C. , Lindholm A. Vascular distribution in the Achilles tendon An angiographic and microangiographic study Acta Chir Scand 116. 491-495, 1958- 1959"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417135"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677608998983"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00012"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orava S., Puranen J. Athlete exertion injuries. Ann Chir Gyn 67. 58-65, 1978","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677809005726"},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"Quenu J., Stoianovich SM Les ruptures du tendon d'Achille Rev Chir 67 647-678,1929"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Rex-Kiss B., Szabo L. Blood groups distribution in 1 200 000 Hungarian inhabitants (Hungarian) Orv Hetil 120. 2119-2122, 1979"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Riede D. Atiologie, diagnose und therapie der subcutanen Achillessehnenrisse Beitr Z Orthop Traumatol 13 96-105, 1966"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.19.2.103"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Schedl R., Fasol P., Spangler H. Die Achillessehnen-ruptur als sportverletzung, in Chapchal G (ed): Sportverletzungen und Sportschaden Stuttgart, Georg Thieme, 1983, pp 89-91"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Schonbauer HR Erkrankungen der Achillessehne. Wien klin Wschr 98, (Suppl 168): 1-47, 1986"},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"Schwarz B., Heisel J., Mittelmeier H.: Achillessehnenrupturen, ursacheprognose-therapie-spatergebnisse Akt Traumatol 14: 8-14, 1984"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198024000-00002"},{"key":"atypb30","unstructured":"Sun-Yu-Sheng, Yen Tung-fang, Chie Lung-hsiang Ruptured Achilles tendon Report of 40 cases Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi 57. 94-98, 1977"},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"Weiner AD, Lipscomb RR Rupture of muscles and tendons. Minn Med 39 731-736, 1956"},{"key":"atypb32","unstructured":"Wilhelm K. Neue aspekte zur genese der Achillessehnenruptur Zbl Chir 102 794, 1977"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198603020-00003"},{"key":"atypb34","unstructured":"Zollinger H., Rodriquez M., Genoni M.: Zur atiopathogenese und diagnostik der Achillessehnenrupturen im sport , in Chapchal G (ed). 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