{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:26:03Z","timestamp":1777386363450,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]],"date-time":"1989-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":620611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Eleven patients (two male, nine female) were treated with epidural sympathetic blockade for reflex sympa thetic imbalance, an incomplete manifestation of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Each had developed severe pain, sensitivity, and disability disproportionate to as sociated trauma. One patient injured an ankle, and the remaining 10 patients one or both knees (12 knees). Seven patients had undergone previous surgery. All but one had a favorable response to initial blockade. This individual eventually failed treatment despite surgical sympathectomy. Seven have required readministration of a block for clinical relapse. Mean followup was 22 months (range, 10 to 41 months). Five underwent ex tensive psychological testing. All have required adjunc tive forms of therapy including physical therapy, trans cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), antiin flammatory or other nonnarcotic agents. Recovery is typically prolonged, particularly if the diagnosis is de layed. Close attention to, and therefore prevention of, situations that trigger its recurrence is essential for successful rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"660-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reflex sympathetic imbalance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Ladd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"DeHaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaimala","family":"Thanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Patt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Feuerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral and Psychosocial Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Caton J., Deschamps G., Chambat P., et al: Les rotules basses: A propos de 128 observations Rev Chir Orthop 68: 311-325, 1982"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(85)80086-4"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.7.1-2.33"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30402-8"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90030-2"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00960705"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Ficat RP, Hungerford DS: Disorders of the Patellofemoral Jomt. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1977, pp 149-169"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Hungerford DS Dystrophie sympathique reflexe et chondromalacie de la rotule. Rev Chir Orthop 66. 259-261, 1980"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz MM, Hungerford DS Reflex sympathetic dystrophy affecting the knee. J Bone Joint Surg 69B 797-803, 1987","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B5.3680346"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Lagier R. Partal algodystrophy of the knee an anatomico-radiological study of one case J Rheumatol 10: 255-260, 1983"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02032072"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Lankford LL , Thompson JE Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, upper and lower extremity. Diagnosis and management. Instr Course Lect 26: 163-178, 1977"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Lankford LL: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, in Evarts CM (ed): Surgery of the Musculoskeletal System. 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J Bone Jomt Surg 69B. 804-806, 1987","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B5.3680347"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-198602010-00010"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollock FE, Koman LA, Neal MB, et al: Use of isolated cold stress testing in determining normal lower extremity thermal regulation Orthop Clin North Am In press, 1989","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079001000408"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198506000-00017"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466040-00025"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Sudeck Phm. Ueber die acute entzundliche Knockenatroph le Arch Klin Chir 62: 147-156, 1900"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tietjen R. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee Clin Orthop 209: 234-243, 1986","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198608000-00036"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-194830040-00009"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90225-8"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354658901700513","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354658901700513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:35:50Z","timestamp":1777368950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354658901700513"}},"subtitle":["Response to epidural blockade"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354658901700513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354658901700513","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}}}