{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:23:38Z","timestamp":1792707818009,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One hundred thirty-eight female collegiate athletes, par ticipating in eight weightbearing varsity sports, were administered preseason strength and flexibility tests and followed for injuries during their sports seasons. Strength was measured as the maximal isokinetic torque of the right and left knee flexors and knee extensors at 30 and 180 deg\/sec. Flexibility was meas ured as the active range of motion of several lower body joints. An athletic trainer evaluated and recorded injuries occurring to the athletes in practice or compe tition. Forty percent of the women suffered one or more injuries. Athletes experienced more lower extremity injuries if they had: 1) a right knee flexor 15% stronger than the left knee flexor at 180 deg\/sec; 2) a right hip extensor 15% more flexible than the left hip extensor; 3) a knee flexor\/knee extensor ratio of less than 0.75 at 180 deg\/sec. There was a trend for higher injury rates to be associated with knee flexor or hip extensor imbalances of 15% or more on either side of the body. These data demonstrate that specific strength and flexibility imbalances are associated with lower extrem ity injuries in female collegiate athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"76-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":488,"title":["Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Knapik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie L.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John McA.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Agre JC, Baxter TL Musculoskeletal profile of male collegiate soccer players Arch Phys Med Rehabil 68 147-150, 1987"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465880160S104"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1986.7.5.232"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Bauman CL, Knapik JJ, Jones BH, et al An approach to musculoskeletal profiling of women in sports, in Cantu RC, Gillespie WJ (eds) Sports Medicine, Sports Science Bridging the Gap Lexington, MA, DC Heath & Co , 1982, pp 61-72"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burkett LH Causative factors in hamstring strains Med Sci Sports 2 39-42, 1970","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-197002010-00010"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke KS The National Athletic Injury\/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS) Recorders Handbook . University Park, PA, Pennsylvania State University, 1977","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-197621000-00074"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800308"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19740060"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1978.11710803"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graham GP, Bruce PJ Survey of intercollegiate athletic injuries to women. Res Q 48 217-220, 1978","DOI":"10.1080\/10671315.1977.10762176"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Hullinger CW , Tyler WL March fracture Report of 313 cases Bull US Army Med Dept 69 72-80, 1944"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Klafs CE, Arnheim DD Modern Principles of Athletic Training. Saint Louis , CV Mosby Company, 1969, pp 38-39, pp 52-53, p 64"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800410"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Laird DE Companson of quad to ham strength ratios of an intercollegiate soccer team Athl Training 16: 66-67, 1981"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198502060-00003"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1983.11708658"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1982.4.2.78"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465880160S116"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos MU, Knapik JJ: Instrumentation and techniques for measurement of muscular strength and endurance in the human body Natick, MA US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Technical Report No T 2\/80, 1978 pp 3-6","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA084145"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shively RA, Grana WA, Ellis D. High school sports injuries Physician Sportsmed 9(8) 46-50, 1981","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1981.11711135"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1984.11701900"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658401200308"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.1.12"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465880160S107"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1981.3.2.48"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659101900113","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659101900113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:36:50Z","timestamp":1777369010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354659101900113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354659101900113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659101900113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}}}