{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:32:43Z","timestamp":1777386763677,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]],"date-time":"1994-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":778377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Flexor and extensor muscle-tendon unit activity at the elbow during the golf swing was recorded from subjects with and without medial epicondylitis. There was no sig nificant difference in total swing time between symp tomatic (1.23 \u00b1 0.15 sec) and asymptomatic (1.15 \u00b1 0.13 sec) subjects nor between golfers with low (1 to 6 handicap, N = 8) and high (11 to 19 handicap, N = 8) scoring abilities. Symptomatic and asymptomatic sub jects displayed similar electromyographic profiles for flexor and extensor muscles of the forearm. Electro myographic activity of the common extensor muscles was persistent throughout the four swing phases, rang ing from 33.59% of maximum voluntary contraction at address to 58.77% at contact. Common flexor muscles produced a consistent burst of electromyographic ac tivity during contact phase (flexor burst, 90.77% of maxi mum voluntary contraction). Symptomatic subjects' mean flexor muscle electromyographic activity was sig nificantly greater than that of asymptomatic subjects in both address and swing phases. When forearm brace and oversized grips were imposed on symptomatic sub jects, there was no significant difference in mean elec tromyographic magnitude or muscle activation pattern during the golf swing. Thus, the method of sympto matic relief of the intervention strategies tested is still in question.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"674-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Medial Epicondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Glazebrook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Curwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad N.","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Epidemiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kozey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Stanish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dalhousie University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Basmajian JV, Deluca, CJ: Muscles Alive. Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography. Fifth edition. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1985"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900314"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Chao Eys, Cooney WP, Cahalan TD, et al: Biomechanics of the golf swing and a comparison of club handle design. J Biomed Sci Instrument 23: 23-27, 1987"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Chvapil M.: Physiology of Connective Tissue. London, Butterworth, 1967"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Curwin S., Stanish WD: Tendinitis: Its Etiology and Treatment. Lexington, MA, Collamore Press, 1984"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cyriax JH: The pathology and treatment of tennis elbow. A follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg 47A: 1533-1536, 1965","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196547080-00008"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Froimson Al. Treatment of tennis elbow with forearm support band. J Bone Joint Surg 53A: 183-184, 1971","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153010-00024"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400303"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1992.11947467"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400509"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700215"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.12.1905"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32351-8"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700222"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Stover CN, Wiren G., Topaz SR: The modern golf swing and stress syndromes. Physician Sportsmed 4: 43-47, 1976"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Thorson EP, Szabo RM: Tendinitis of the wrist and elbow. Occup Med 4: 419-432, 1989"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659402200516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659402200516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:37:06Z","timestamp":1777369026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354659402200516"}},"subtitle":["An Electromyographic Analysis and an Investigation of Intervention Strategies"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354659402200516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659402200516","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}}}