{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T03:44:01Z","timestamp":1781322241134,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]],"date-time":"1995-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":809913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the arthroscopic findings of the unstable shoulder, to provide insights into the causes and mechanisms of shoulder instability, and to establish a rationale for using special surgical procedures. Arthroscopic examination was performed on 212 patients who had at least 1 docu mented shoulder dislocation. Of these 212 patients, 184 (87%) patients had anterior glenoid labral tears, 168 (79%) patients had ventral capsule insufficiency, 144 (68%) patients had Hill-Sachs compression fractures, 116 (55%) patients had glenohumeral ligament insuf ficiency, 30 (14%) patients had complete rotator cuff tendon tears, 26 (12%) patients had posterior glenoid labral tears, 14 (7%) patients had superior labrum an terior and inferior lesions. As this prospective study shows, multiple morphologic changes are associated with instability of the glenohumeral joint; there is no single cause for an unstable shoulder. Arthroscopic ex amination of the shoulder before surgery revealed a sig nificant amount of information that would have been un detected without the aid of expensive diagnostic tools. For instance, the labrum and rim of the anteroinferior glenoid showed typical abnormalities corresponding to different entities of anterior instability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"545-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Arthroscopic Findings After Shoulder Dislocation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Beat","family":"Hintermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"G\u00e4chter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams JC Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder J Bone Joint Surg 30B. 26-38, 1948","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.30B1.26"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300508"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Andrews JR, Carson WG, McLeod WP The arthroscopic treatment of glenoid labrum tears in the throwing athlete Orthop Trans 8 44, 1984"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800104"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3285.1132"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Blazina ME, Satzman JS Recurrent anterior subluxation of the shoulder in athletics A distinct entity . J Bone Joint Surg 51A 1037-1038, 1969"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caspari RB, Geissler WB Arthroscopic manifestations of shoulder subluxation and dislocation Clin Orthop 291 54-66, 1993","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00007"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cofield RH, Irving JF Evaluation and classification of shoulder instability: With special reference to examination under anesthesia Clin Orthop 223. 32-43, 1987","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198710000-00005"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cofield RH, Nessler JP, Weinstabl R. Diagnosis of shoulder nstability by examination under anesthesia Clin Orthop 291. 45-53, 1993","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00006"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100317"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000302"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.3.6494457"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(92)90141-W"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Galinat BJ, Howell SM The containment mechanism: The primary stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint Orthop Trans 11 458, 1987"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.2.2014303"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500610"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Hertz H. Die Bedeutung des Limbus glenoidalis fur die Stabilitat des Schultergelenks . Wien Klin Wochenschr (Suppl)152 1-23, 1984"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heuck A., Appel M., Kaiser E., et al Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) der Schulter Moglichkeiten der Ueberinterpretation von Normalbefunden Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 152: 587-594, 1990","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1046927"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/35.6.690"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800506"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173010-00004"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(87)80115-9"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1033429"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippitt S., Matsen F. Mechanisms of glenohumeral joint stability Clin Orthop 291 20-28, 1993","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00004"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGlynn FJ, Caspari RB Arthroscopic findings in the subluxating shoulder. Clin Orthop 183. 173-178, 1984","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198403000-00028"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198310000-00023"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson MC, Leather GP, Nirschl RP, et al: Evaluation of the painful shoulder A prospective comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography arthrography, ultrasonography, and operative findings J Bone Joint Surg 73A. 707-713, 1991","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173050-00009"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neviaser RJ , Neviaser TJ, Neviaser JS: Anterior dislocation of the shoulder and rotator cuff rupture. Clin Orthop 291 103-106, 1993","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00012"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicola T.: Acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder J Bone Jomt Surg 31A 153-159, 1949","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-194931010-00017"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30370-9"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100501"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02894989"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.146.2.361"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163060-00001"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676708989655"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seeger LL Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder. Clin Orthop 244: 48-59, 1989","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198907000-00006"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.4.749"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turkel SJ, Panio MW, Marshall JL, et al Stabilizing mechanisms preventing anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. JBone Joint Surg 63A. 1208-1217, 1981","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163080-00002"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659502300505","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659502300505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:37:53Z","timestamp":1777369073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354659502300505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354659502300505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659502300505","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}}}