{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:32:02Z","timestamp":1791988322180,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]],"date-time":"1996-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":820454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We dissected 30 cadaveric knees to provide a detailed anatomic description of the biceps femoris muscle complex at the knee. The main components of the long head of the muscle are a reflected arm, a direct arm, an anterior arm, and a lateral and an anterior aponeurosis. The main components of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle are a proximal attachment to the long head's tendon, a capsular arm, a confluens of the biceps and the capsuloosseous layer of the iliotibial tract, a direct arm, an anterior arm, and a lateral apo neurosis. We examined 82 consecutive, acutely in jured knees with clinical signs of anterolateral-antero medial rotatory instability for the incidence and anatomic location of injuries to the biceps femoris mus cle. Injuries to components of that muscle were iden tified in 59 (72%) of these knees; 29 knees (35.4%) had multiple components injured. There were 3 injuries to the long head of the biceps femoris muscle (all in the reflected arm) and 89 to the short head. A statistically significant correlation (P = 0.01) was found between increased anterior translation with the knee at 25\u00b0 of flexion as demonstrated by the Lachman test and in jury to the biceps-capsuloosseous iliotibial tract conflu ens. Additionally, adduction laxity at 30\u00b0 of flexion cor related with a Segond fracture ( P = 0.04). These data establish, in part, the relationship of the biceps femoris complex injury to anterior translation instability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"2-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":273,"title":["The Biceps Femoris Muscle Complex at the Knee"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Glenn C.","family":"Terry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hughston Clinic, PC, Columbus, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"LaPrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hughston Clinic, PC, Columbus, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Amencan Medical Association Standard Nomenclature of Athletic Injunes Chicago, American Medical Association, 1966"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruser DM A direct lateral approach to the lateral compartment of the knee joint J Bone Joint Surg 42B 348-351, 1960","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.42B2.348"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961030-00002"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657600400301"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galway HR, Maclntosh DL The lateral pivot shift A symptom and sign of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency Clin Orthop 147 45-50, 1980","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198003000-00008"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Gerdy PN Troisiere monographic maladies des organes du mouvement, os, muscles Chez Victor Masson, Pans, 1855"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Hollinshead WH Anatomy for Surgeons Vol 3, The Back and Limbs Third edition Philadelphia, Harper & Row, 1982, pp 717-719"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Hughston JC Knee ligament injury in athletes J Med Assoc State Alabama 36 1-8, 1966"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Hughston JC Acute knee injuries in athletes Clin Orthop 23 114-132, 1962"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658020-00001"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658020-00002"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365020-00002"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567030-00001"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-196112000-00008"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657900700302"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195840040-00006"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Kaplan EB Surgical approach to the lateral (peroneal) side of the knee joint Surg Gynecol Obstet 104 346-356, 1957"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-190807000-00017"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.32B1.93"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.30B4.683"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall JL , Girgis FG, Zelko RR The biceps femons tendon and its functional significance J Bone Joint Surg 54A 1444-1450, 1972","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254070-00006"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norwood LA Jr, Andrews JR, Meisterling RC, et al Acute anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee J Bone Joint Surg 61A 704-709, 1979","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961050-00009"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Ritchey SJ Ligamentous disruption of the knee A review with analysis of 28 cases US Armed Forces Med J 11 167-176, 1960"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264040-00008"},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"Segond P. Recherches cliniques et exp\u00e9rimentales sur les epanchements sanguins du genou par entorse Progres M\u00e9d (Paris )VII 1-84, 1879"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196850020-00001"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Sneath RS The insertion of the biceps femoris J Anat 89 550-553, 1955"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30465-X"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400108"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100110"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657600400206"},{"key":"atypb32","unstructured":"Vallois HV \u00c9tudes anatomiques de l'articulation du genou ches les pnmates Thesis Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, No 63, 1914"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657900700107"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659602400102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659602400102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:38:03Z","timestamp":1777369083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354659602400102"}},"subtitle":["Its Anatomy and Injury Patterns Associated with Acute Anterolateral-Anteromedial Rotatory Instability"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354659602400102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659602400102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}}}