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Total bone mineral content, regional bone density, and soft tissue composition were meas ured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and an thropometric techniques. Menstrual characteristics, current dietary intake, and training were assessed us ing questionnaires. A clinical biomechanical assess ment was performed by a physical therapist. The inci dence of stress fractures during the study was 21.1%, with most injuries located in the tibia. Of the risk factors evaluated, none was able to predict the occurrence of stress fractures in men. However, in female athletes, significant risk factors included lower bone density, a history of menstrual disturbance, less lean mass in the lower limb, a discrepancy in leg length, and a lower fat diet. Multiple logistic regression revealed that age of menarche and calf girth were the best independent predictors of stress fractures in women. This bivariate model correctly assigned 80% of the female athletes into their respective stress fracture or nonstress frac ture groups. These results suggest that it may be pos sible to identify female athletes most at risk for this overuse bone injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"810-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":413,"title":["Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Track and Field Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Bennell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Malcolm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schools of Human Biosciences and Behavioural Health Sciences, La Trobe University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane A.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schools of Human Biosciences and Behavioural Health Sciences, La Trobe University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally J.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, St Vincent's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Brukner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medicine Bone and Mineral Service, University of Melbourne, and the Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Wark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medicine Bone and Mineral Service, University of Melbourne, and the Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199104000-00007"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Athletics Australia : Handbook of Records and Results 1991-92. 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