{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T19:14:03Z","timestamp":1787080443288,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We prospectively determined the risk of initial stinger experience in a group of college football players while considering the presence of cervical canal stenosis and each player's position, playing time, and body type. Prospective analysis revealed a 7.7% incidence of initial stinger experience. The average Torg ratio for all players was 0.924 \u00b1 0.122, with the seventh cervi cal level being the narrowest. Initial stinger experience depended on position played and body type. The Torg ratio did not influence initial stinger occurrence. Play ers who experienced multiple stingers, however, had significantly smaller Torg ratios than players experi encing only one stinger (0.75 versus 0.87). A Torg ratio of 0.70 may be a more statistically and clinically appro priate threshold for determining significant cervical ste nosis and advising collegiate athletes of their risk of experiencing recurrent stingers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"603-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Stingers, the Torg Ratio, and the Cervical Spine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Frank P.","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Brunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Whitecloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300301"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199303000-00003"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198410000-00001"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199009050-00005"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herzog RJ, Wiens JJ, Dillingham MF, et al Normal cervical spine morphometry and cervical spinal stenosis in asymptomatic professional football players Plain film radiography, multiplanar computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging Spine 16 S178-S186, 1991","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199106001-00001"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hovis WD, Limbird TJ An evaluation of cervical orthoses in limiting hyperextension and lateral flexion in football Med Sci Sports Exerc 26 872-876, 1994","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199407000-00010"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Kelly JD, Clancy M., Marchetto PA, et al The relationship of transient upper extremity paresthesias and cervical stenosis Orthop Trans 16 732, 1992-3"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971020-00003"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200202"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197006000-00010"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800510"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.3.3615879"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Poindexter DP, Johnson EW Football shoulder and neck injuries A study of the \"stinger\" Arch Phys Med Rehabil 65. 601-602, 1984"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290400040019"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800606"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30405-1"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torg JS Epidemiology, pathomechanics, and prevention of football-induced cervical spinal cord trauma Exerc Sports Sci Rev 20 321-338, 1992","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199200200-00012"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torg JS Epidemiology, pathomechanics, and prevention of athletic injuries to the cervical spine Med Sci Sports Exerc 17 295-303, 1985","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198506000-00001"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668090-00008"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100502"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900103"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800109"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Wilbourne AJ , Hershman EB, Bergfeld J. 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