{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:13:49Z","timestamp":1790612029530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]],"date-time":"1997-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":878342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the anatomy and measured the in situ force in ligaments at the acromioclavicular joint using a universal force-moment sensor. The in situ force in the coracoacromial, conoid, trapezoid, superior acromio clavicular capsular, and inferior acromioclavicular cap sular ligaments of 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders was determined for a load of 70 N applied to the clavicle in anteroposterior and superoinferior direc tions. The lengths of the conoid and trapezoid liga ments were found to be 15.1 \u00b1 4.1 and 11.5 \u00b1 2.2 mm, respectively; the widths of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments were 10.7 \u00b1 1.5 and 11.0 \u00b1 2.8 mm, respec tively. The in situ force of the trapezoid (42.9 \u00b1 15.4 N) was significantly greater than that for the other liga ments during posterior displacement. Otherwise, no statistically significant differences could be found be tween any of the in situ forces in each ligament during all other motions examined. During anterior displace ment, the inferior acromioclavicular capsular ligament appeared to be the major restraint. The trapezoid lig ament was the primary restraint during posterior dis placement and provided 55.8% \u00b1 20.0% of the resist ing force. Our results suggest that the coracoclavicular and other acromioclavicular joint capsular ligaments should be considered for reconstruction to restore normal joint function, especially in the anterior, poste rior, and superior directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T20:46:52Z","timestamp":1182458812000},"page":"858-862","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Functional Evaluation of the Ligaments at the Acromioclavicular Joint during Anteroposterior and Superoinferior Translation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kwang-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Debski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hwa","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savio L.-Y.","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddie H.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749040-00024"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194908112410601"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Cadenat FM The treatment of dislocations and fractures of the outer end of the clavicle Int Clin 27 145-169, 1917"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02667348"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Codman EA The Shoulder Boston, T Todd Co, 1934"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)95276-B"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2792266"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00019"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(95)90133-7"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Inman VT, Saunders Jbdm, Abbott LC Observations on the function of the shoulder joint J Bone Joint Surg 26. 1-30, 1944"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02584446"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Pilcher Dislocation of the acromial end of the clavicle N Y Med J 43 419-420, 1886"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Poiner P., Rieffel H. Mechanisme des luxations surs-acromiales de la clavicule leur traitement pare la suture osseuse Arch Gen de Med 1 396-422, 1891"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/PIME_PROC_1993_207_300_02"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Rockwood CA Disorders of the acromioclavicular joint, in Rockwood CA, Matsen FA III (eds) The Shoulder Philadelphia, WB Saunders , 1985, pp 449"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Rockwood CA Fractures and dislocation of the shoulder Part II Subluxation and dislocations about the shoulder, in Rockwood CA Jr, Green DP (eds): Fractures Second edition Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1984 , pp 722-985"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677408989155"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500301"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Urist MR Complete dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint The nature of the traumatic lesion and effective methods of treatment with an analysis of 41 cases J Bone Joint Surg 28. 813-837, 1946"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659702500622","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/036354659702500622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:39:26Z","timestamp":1777369166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/036354659702500622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/036354659702500622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354659702500622","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,11]]}}}