{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:04:31Z","timestamp":1777640671751,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum retinol concentrations are homeostatically controlled and only fall when liver stores of vitamin A are very low. Nevertheless, low concentrations of serum retinol occur in apparently healthy people where there is no evidence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the reason for low serum vitamin A concentrations where there is no VAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed that elevated acute-phase protein (APP) concentrations often accompanied low retinol concentrations, and we developed a model of the inflammatory response to categorize 4 groups of participants termed reference (no raised APP), incubation (raised acute APP only), early convalescence (both acute and chronic APP raised), and late convalescence (raised chronic APP only). We identified 7 studies with participants who could be allocated to the 4 groups, and using meta-analysis methods we calculated correction (ie, multiplication) factors 1.13, 1.24, and 1.11 to remove the influence of inflammation from the incubation, early, and late convalescent groups, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In nutrition surveys or intervention studies to measure vitamin A status, workers should measure APP and correct retinol concentrations using the multiplication factors where inflammation is found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572115597514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T21:19:40Z","timestamp":1440710380000},"page":"290-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inflammation and Vitamin A"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"David I.","family":"Thurnham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Coleraine, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15099-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr2-0379572115597514","first-page":"647","volume":"42","author":"Thurnham DI","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bibr3-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.6.1142"},{"key":"bibr4-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/40.2.116"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-0379572115597514","first-page":"246","volume":"30","author":"Sampathkumar V","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"bibr6-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007193230304"},{"key":"bibr7-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92151-1"},{"key":"bibr8-0379572115597514","volume-title":"The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults","author":"Gregory JR","year":"1990"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr9-0379572115597514","first-page":"1439","volume":"73","author":"Olson JA","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"bibr10-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/290201a0"},{"key":"bibr11-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890701)64:1<126::AID-CNCR2820640122>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"bibr12-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92042-4"},{"key":"bibr13-0379572115597514","first-page":"249","volume-title":"The Acute Phase Response to Injury and Infection","author":"Fleck A","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr14-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328802500108"},{"key":"bibr15-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91772-M"},{"key":"bibr16-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315912"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr17-0379572115597514","volume":"117","author":"Lunn PG","year":"1992","journal-title":"XIII International Congress of Tropical Medicine & Malaria, Thailand"},{"key":"bibr18-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1978.tb02159.x"},{"key":"bibr19-0379572115597514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199207000-00007"},{"key":"bibr20-0379572115597514","unstructured":"Hume EM, Krebs HA. Vitamin A requirements of human adults. A report of the vitamin A subcommittee of the Accessory Food Factors Committee. Special Report series 264. 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