{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:05:03Z","timestamp":1777640703905,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity, dietary habits, and sedentary patterns among Sudanese adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multistage stratified sampling method was used to select 945 adolescents (507 males and 438 females) aged 14 to 18 years, from Khartoum State, Sudan. A self-reported pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Overweight and obesity were determined using the International Obesity Task Force standard, which is based on body mass index for sex and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overweight and obesity were growing problems among urban Sudanese adolescents (10.7%). Breakfast was commonly consumed on a daily basis by the majority of adolescents (74.2%), followed by lunch (63.9%) and supper (33.5%). Snacking was not a common practice among these individuals. Vegetables (63.9%) were more frequently consumed (more than 3 days per week) than fruit (30.1%). There were significant differences between genders regarding intake of vegetables (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .048), chicken (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .013), dairy products, sweets, nuts, chocolate, and legumes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001 for all). Sedentary behaviors (long duration of television viewing and Internet use) were highly prevalent, and physical activity was rarely practiced (6.8%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicated that risk factors for diet-related chronic diseases such as unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary behaviors are starting to rise among urban adolescents in Sudan. This creates the need for immediate action to prevent and control these risk factors before these diseases become major public health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116629244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T21:13:35Z","timestamp":1455570815000},"page":"65-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Obesity, Dietary Habits, and Sedentary Behaviors Among Adolescents in Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Abdulrahman O.","family":"Musaiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arab Center for Nutrition, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima O.","family":"Nabag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family and Community Development, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Al-Mannai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakheer, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization. Nutrition Country Profile Republic of Sudan. Rome Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization; 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Nutrition Country Profile","author":"Global Nutrition Report","year":"2014","unstructured":"Global Nutrition Report. Nutrition Country Profile. Sudan, Khartoum: Global Nutrition Report; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"Food and Nutrition Security Assessment in Sudan","author":"Southern Sudan Center for Census Statistics and Evaluation","year":"2010","unstructured":"Southern Sudan Center for Census Statistics and Evaluation. Food and Nutrition Security Assessment in Sudan. Juba, Southern Sudan; 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region","volume":"5","author":"Musaiger AO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Musaiger AO, Al-Hazzaa HM. Prevalence and risk factors associated with nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Int J Gen Med. 2010;5:199\u2013217.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-4046(06)60031-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2005.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v55i0.7122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665108006058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001400010X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","article-title":"Unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors among Arab adolescents: the main risk factors for chronic diseases","author":"Musaiger AO","year":"2016","unstructured":"Musaiger AO. Unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors among Arab adolescents: the main risk factors for chronic diseases. Aspetar J. 2016 (in press).","journal-title":"Aspetar J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00304.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651403500102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014002274"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Mediterranean","volume":"7","author":"Abu-Mweis SS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abu-Mweis SS, Tayyem RF, Bawadi HA, Musaiger AO, Al-Hazzaa HM. Mediterranean. J Nutr Metabol. 2014;7(1):67\u201374.","journal-title":"J Nutr Metabol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Hazzaa HM Abuhussain NA Al-Sobayel Qahwaji D Musaiger AO. Physical activity sedentary behaviors and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents relative to age gender and region. Int J Behav Nutr Physical Activity. 2011;8:140. Web site. http:\/\/www.ijbnpo.org\/content\/8\/1\/140. Accessed February 15 2015.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0380-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv045"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"2158","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages consumption and childhood\/adolescent obesity: a case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Martin-Calro N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martin-Calro N, Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Gea A, Ochoa MC, Marti A; GENOI Members. Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages consumption and childhood\/adolescent obesity: a case-control study. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(10):2158\u20132193.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","article-title":"Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and nutrition risks profiles and relations to body mass index obesity and overweight in Eighth grade","author":"Benline KS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benline KS, Kamody RC, Thurston JB, Banks GG, Rybak TM, Ferry RT. Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and nutrition risks profiles and relations to body mass index obesity and overweight in Eighth grade. [published online April 24, 2015.] Behav Med. 2015.","journal-title":"Behav Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-7-40"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.5.619"}],"container-title":["Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0379572116629244","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0379572116629244","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0379572116629244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:18:10Z","timestamp":1777443490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0379572116629244"}},"subtitle":["Alarming Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases in a Poor Country"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0379572116629244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0379572116629244","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-5721","1564-8265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-5721","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-8265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]}}}