{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:54:15Z","timestamp":1788587655321,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although vitamin A supplementation reduces child mortality, it remains unclear whether dosing frequency, total dose, or duration modifies effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine whether mortality effects of vitamin A vary by dosing frequency, total dose, or duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, identified by systematic review and expert opinion, utilizing relatively standard World Health Organization doses in children &lt;5 years. Meta-regression evaluated whether mortality effects varied by dosing frequency, total dose, or supplementation duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identified 17 trials, including 1,180,718 children, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age 31.5 (15.4) months at baseline. Supplementation frequency ranged every 3 months-every 2 years, supplementation duration 4-60 months (mean = 15.4; SD = 12.8), and total dose 134,361-2,200,000 IU (mean = 667,132 IU; SD = 540,795). Compared with control, vitamin A reduced mortality 22% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10-32; P = 0.002). This protective effect was not modified by increasing supplementation frequency (dose\/year: relative risk [RR] = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.98-1.06; P = .22), total dose (per 200,000 IU: RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.97-1.06; P = .31), nor supplementation duration (per year: RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.97-1.15; P = 0.14). Multivariate meta-regression showed similar results. Sensitivity analyses excluding 1 controversial trial (Aswathi 2013) did not alter findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results confirm benefits of vitamin A supplementation in children &lt;5 years in nations with vitamin A deficiency, without influence of frequency, total dose, or dosing duration within ranges evaluated. These findings inform design and efficiency of vitamin A supplementation policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572117696663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T05:10:09Z","timestamp":1489122609000},"page":"260-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mortality Benefits of Vitamin A Are Not Affected by Varying Frequency, Total Dose, or Duration of Supplementation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pimpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaie","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariush","family":"Mozaffarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0379572117696663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5094"},{"key":"bibr2-0379572117696663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315921"},{"key":"bibr3-0379572117696663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012000560"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr4-0379572117696663","first-page":"CD008524","author":"Imdad A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr5-0379572117696663","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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