{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:07:45Z","timestamp":1777640865054,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]],"date-time":"2018-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"HarvestPlus","award":["8217 and 8256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8217 and 8256"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hidden hunger affects individuals who chronically consume an inadequate intake of at least 1 micronutrient and is associated with low dietary diversity. Little data are available on dietary intake or status assessment of B vitamins among preschool children in Zambia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess 24-hour dietary recall records obtained from Zambian children aged 3 to 7 years for B vitamin intake in relation to adequacy and change over time in the same community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 2 studies that were 2 years apart in the same district of Zambia. Data were retrospectively analyzed for B vitamin intake, that is, biotin, vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      , folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      , riboflavin, and thiamin. The estimated average requirement (EAR) cut point method was used to assess inadequacy prevalence for EARs established by the Institute of Medicine in the United States.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For all B vitamins, mean values were below the EARs established for children 4 to 8 years old. Relative to the EAR, children had the highest intakes of vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      with inadequacies of 77.9% and 60.1% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The highest prevalence of inadequate intake was associated with folate, where \u226595% of the children had intakes below the EAR in both studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All median vitamin B intakes were inadequate among these young children in rural Zambia. Future researchers and policy makers may need to consider B vitamin status in resource-poor areas of the country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572118760373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]],"date-time":"2018-03-11T22:47:53Z","timestamp":1520808473000},"page":"281-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Titcomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha T.","family":"Schmaelzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily T.","family":"Nuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Jesse F.","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Schmaelzle is now with the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry A.","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0379572118760373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067860"},{"key":"bibr2-0379572118760373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12216"},{"key":"bibr3-0379572118760373","volume-title":"Pellagra and Its Prevention and Control in Major Emergencies","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr4-0379572118760373","volume-title":"White Maize: A Traditional Food Grain in Developing Countries","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization and 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