{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:55:32Z","timestamp":1792094132016,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007948","name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst Kairo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant number A\/14\/92995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number A\/14\/92995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Good cognitive function is important for school-age children. Although essential fatty acids play a main role in cognitive functions, their intakes are assumed as inadequate among developing countries including Myanmar. However, there is still lack of evidence to show whether they are problem nutrients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the problem nutrients in the diets of Myanmar primary schoolchildren and to formulate food-based recommendations (FBR) to optimize the intake of these micronutrients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 primary schools in Nyaungdon Township of Myanmar. A 1-week dietary intake assessment was done on 7- to 9-year-old (n = 100) primary schoolchildren. A linear programming approach using the World Health Organization Optifood software was used to assess the nutrient intake and develop FBRs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of stunted growth, wasting, and being underweight in the students were 28%, 18%, and 28%, respectively. The intake of calcium, vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , folate, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid was insufficient. Locally available nutrient-dense foods that include water spinach, carp fish, duck egg, garden pea, and shrimp were selected to develop FBR to increase the intake of problem nutrients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The linear programming analysis showed that the primary schoolchildren have difficulty meeting nutrient recommendations given locally available foods, especially iron and essential fatty acids which are important for cognitive performance of schoolchildren.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572119878070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T04:31:26Z","timestamp":1580790686000},"page":"211-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nutrients Essential for Cognitive Function Are Typical Problem Nutrients in the Diets of Myanmar Primary School Children: Findings of a Linear Programming Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6359-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le Thandar","family":"Soe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia\u2014Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"},{"name":"South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO-RECFON) \u2013 Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional (PKGR), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umi","family":"Fahmida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO-RECFON) \u2013 Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional (PKGR), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Nina Liche","family":"Seniati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agus","family":"Firmansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0379572119878070","volume-title":"School Health, Nutrition and Education for All: Levelling the Playing Field","author":"Jukes MCH","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr2-0379572119878070","volume-title":"Myanmar Education for All: 2015 National Review","author":"Ministry of Education","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr3-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100303"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr4-0379572119878070","first-page":"295","volume":"62","author":"Bryan J","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Life Sci Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr5-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.614S","volume":"85","author":"Georgieff MK","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bibr6-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355437"},{"key":"bibr7-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00356.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.073700"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr9-0379572119878070","first-page":"13","author":"Ferguson E","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sight Life Mag"},{"key":"bibr10-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451500481X"},{"key":"bibr11-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.2.245"},{"key":"bibr12-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.092270"},{"key":"bibr13-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5072777"},{"key":"bibr14-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900158"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr15-0379572119878070","first-page":"476","volume":"21","author":"Khor GL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bibr16-0379572119878070","unstructured":"Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census: Highlights of the Main Results. Vol 2A. Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar: Ministry of Immigration and Population; 2015. http:\/\/myanmar.unfpa.org\/census. Accessed September 20, 2016."},{"key":"bibr17-0379572119878070","volume-title":"Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16","author":"Ministry of Health and Sports (MoHS) and ICF","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr18-0379572119878070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferguson EL, Darmon N, Fahmida U, Fitriyanti S, Harper TB, Premachandra IM. Design of optimal food-based complementary feeding recommendations and identification of key problem nutrients using goal programming. 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