{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:26:39Z","timestamp":1778041599200,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"SNV-Netherlands Voices for Change Partnership"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rwanda\u2019s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and\/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572120975298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T07:03:59Z","timestamp":1618988639000},"page":"133-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9580-0320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Arsenault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI Solutions, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2420-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deanna K.","family":"Olney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0379572120975298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60996-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr2-0379572120975298","first-page":"CD008524","volume":"3","author":"Imdad A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Sys Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr3-0379572120975298","first-page":"CD009384","volume":"15","author":"Mayo-Wilson E","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr4-0379572120975298","volume-title":"Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients","author":"WHO\/FAO","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr5-0379572120975298","volume-title":"Rwanda National Food and Nutrition Policy 2013-2018","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr6-0379572120975298","volume-title":"Rwanda National Food and Nutrition Strategic Plan 2013-2018","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-0379572120975298","first-page":"1","volume":"22","author":"de Onis M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"bibr8-0379572120975298","volume-title":"WHO Technical Report Series 854","author":"WHO","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr9-0379572120975298","volume-title":"Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System","author":"WHO","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr10-0379572120975298","volume-title":"Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995\u20132005. 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