{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:22:00Z","timestamp":1790713320311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015815","name":"consortium of international agricultural research centers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biofortified staples have been promoted widely in sub-Saharan Africa to combat micronutrient deficiencies. Contemporary projects are increasingly using elementary schools to target households with these foods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed the effects of integrated nutrition education approaches, targeting preschoolers and their caregivers, on retention of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) on farms in the second season after lapse of free vine dissemination initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rural farming households, with preschoolers and no prior engagement with OFSP, were targeted. A multistage sample of 431 preschooler\u2013caregiver pairs was recruited for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. After issuing routine OFSP promotion activities, 15 village-level clusters of the pairs were randomized into 1 control group (3 villages) and 3 treatment arms (4 villages each) for the interventions. Baseline and follow-up household-level survey data were collected from the caregivers. The interventions included: (1) OFSP-branded exercise books, posters, and a poem to preschoolers only; (2) OFSP-oriented mobile phone mediated text messages to caregivers only; and (3) both 1 and 2 provided to individual households concurrently. Interventions 1 and 2 were single-channeled, while 3 was multichanneled. We estimated the intention-to-treat (ITT) and treatment-on-the-treated (TOT) effects using a binary logit model and a special regressor method, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only the multi-channeled nutrition education approach had significant effects (ITT = 0.167, P = .001; TOT = .243, P = .007) on the caregivers\u2019 likelihood to retain OFSP on their farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The finding implies that multi-channeled agriculture nutrition education interventions through Early Childhood Development institutions can be effective in ensuring sustainable adoption of OFSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721211025445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T05:01:30Z","timestamp":1625547690000},"page":"347-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Do Nutrition Education Approaches With Preschoolers and Their Caregivers Influence Retention of Biofortified Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato on Farms? Evidence From Homa Bay County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3171-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvester O.","family":"Ojwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Otieno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius J.","family":"Okello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Potato Center, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penina","family":"Muoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Potato Center, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose A.","family":"Nyikal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1077"},{"key":"bibr2-03795721211025445","unstructured":"FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019. Safeguarding Against Economic Slowdowns and Downturns. FAO; 2019. Accessed February 19, 2020. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/ca5162en\/ca5162en.pdf."},{"key":"bibr3-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2018.01.002"},{"key":"bibr4-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572119874273"},{"issue":"311","key":"bibr5-03795721211025445","first-page":"175","volume":"4","author":"Ecker O","year":"2010","journal-title":"African J Agric Resour Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr6-03795721211025445","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Domonko E","year":"2018","journal-title":"African J Agric Resour Econ"},{"key":"bibr7-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.151829"},{"key":"bibr8-03795721211025445","volume-title":"CGIAR Five-Year Biofortification Strategy 2019-2023","author":"Bouis H","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr9-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3763\/ijas.2010.0546"},{"key":"bibr10-03795721211025445","unstructured":"Phorbee O, Ayoola B, Njoku J, Adesanmi A. Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato on the Home Grown School Feeding Menu in Nigeria. International Potato Center (CIP); 2015. Accessed July 20, 2019. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/69168."},{"key":"bibr11-03795721211025445","unstructured":"Kwikiriza N, Jogo W, Okello J, Tesfay H, Asfaw F, Pambo K. The impact of school nutritional campaigns on OFSP adoption and food security among smallholder farming households in Tigray region, Ethiopia. Paper presented at: Agricultural & Applied Economics Association\u2019s 2015 annual meeting; July 26-29, 2015; San Francisco, California. doi:10.22004\/ag.econ.205475"},{"key":"bibr12-03795721211025445","first-page":"70","author":"Low J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric Syst"},{"key":"bibr13-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-018-0845-9"},{"key":"bibr14-03795721211025445","volume-title":"Case Studies of Roots, Tubers and Bananas Seed Systems","author":"Andrade-Piedra J","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr15-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10496505.2018.1515632"},{"key":"bibr16-03795721211025445","unstructured":"Republic of Kenya. Kenya Health Policy 2014 - 2030: towards attaining the highest standard of health. Ministry of Health, Kenya; 2014. Accessed April 14, 2019. https:\/\/www.afidep.org\/?wpfb_dl=80."},{"key":"bibr17-03795721211025445","unstructured":"County government of Homa Bay. Second county integrated development plan (CIDP) 2018-2022. Ministry of Devolution and Planning, Kenya; 2018. Accessed July 15, 2019. https:\/\/cog.go.ke\/downloads\/category\/106-county-integrated-development-plans-2018-2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr18-03795721211025445","first-page":"797","volume":"92","author":"Opiyo S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Plant Pathol"},{"key":"bibr19-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McConnell B, Vera-Hern\u00e1ndez M. Going Beyond Simple Sample Size Calculations: A Practitioner\u2019s Guide. Institute of Fiscal Studies Working Papers; 2015. doi:10.1920\/wp.ifs.2015.1517.","DOI":"10.1920\/wp.ifs.2015.1517"},{"key":"bibr20-03795721211025445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2018.1492382"},{"key":"bibr21-03795721211025445","volume-title":"Kenya Population and Housing Census 2019. 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