{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:08:19Z","timestamp":1791994099488,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Plant-based diets are increasingly popular worldwide. A well-planned plant-based diet lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain cancers. In contrast, a poorly planned plant-based diet increases the risk of certain micronutrient deficiencies, chiefly, vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    (B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Because B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    is not present in plants or in unfortified plant-based foodstuffs, the safest way to prevent its deficiency in plant-based diets is to take an oral B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    supplement. Studies determining the dose and frequency of B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    to be taken by healthy individuals on a plant-based diet to support an adequate B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    status are scarce. Here, we summarize the natural sources, metabolic requirements, biomarker findings with and without supplementation with B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and current recommendations to help prevent vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficiency in healthy individuals adhering or transitioning to plant-based diets. This review focuses on the prevention of vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficiency in healthy individuals adhering to plant-based diets. The information covered in this review does not apply to individuals suffering from autoimmune-based malabsorption of vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    resulting from pernicious anemia due to atrophic gastritis, other acquired causes of B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    malabsorption or to those with genetic disorders that impair vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    absorption, transport and utilization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721241227233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T23:50:06Z","timestamp":1720655406000},"page":"S58-S66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vitamin B\n                    <sub>12<\/sub>\n                    Status and Supplementation in Plant-Based Diets"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0911-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Hannibal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian A.","family":"Storz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald W.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.006194"},{"key":"bibr2-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.11.049"},{"key":"bibr3-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0304-9"},{"key":"bibr4-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba0165"},{"key":"bibr5-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b108967f"},{"key":"bibr6-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-001-0902-7"},{"key":"bibr7-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.58.438"},{"key":"bibr8-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5891\/jafps.44.293"},{"key":"bibr9-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103067"},{"key":"bibr10-03795721241227233","author":"Sayer 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The optimal vitamin B12 dosage for adults. https:\/\/nutritionfacts.org\/video\/the-optimal-vitamin-B12-dosage-for-adults\/.2020. Accessed December 8, 2023."},{"key":"bibr87-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.015"},{"key":"bibr88-03795721241227233","volume":"365","author":"Sukumar N","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr89-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2017.11.005"},{"key":"bibr90-03795721241227233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.190256"},{"key":"bibr91-03795721241227233","first-page":"1506","volume":"91","author":"Hvas AM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03795721241227233","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03795721241227233","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03795721241227233","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:19:57Z","timestamp":1777443597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03795721241227233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03795721241227233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03795721241227233","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-5721","1564-8265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-5721","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-8265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}}}