{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:23:05Z","timestamp":1791904985984,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is a global public health crisis exacerbated by ultra-processed and nutrient-poor foods. Despite policy interventions, progress remains uneven due to socioeconomic, political, and industry barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review examines global food policies on obesity prevention, highlights implementation gaps, and suggests pathways for more equitable, coordinated action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review was conducted using literature from PubMed and Scopus (2017-2025), including peer-reviewed studies, policy documents, and international agency reports. Key search terms included \u201cglobal food policies,\u201d \u201cobesity prevention,\u201d \u201cultra-processed foods,\u201d \u201cnutrition labeling,\u201d and \u201csugar taxes.\u201d Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on policy strategies for obesity prevention and healthier food environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review categorized food policy interventions into key thematic areas: fiscal policies, nutrition labeling, marketing restrictions, regulation of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), out-of-home\/food-service policies (eg, menu and nutrient labeling, portion-size and sodium limits, healthy defaults, procurement standards), school food policies, and international coordination. Evidence shows that front-of-package labeling and sugar-sweetened beverage levies are effective in some regions. Healthy food subsidies and purchase incentives yield mixed but promising results, especially among low-income groups. However, socioeconomic disparities, industry resistance, weak regulations, and poor multisector and public\u2013private partnerships (PPPs) governance limit their scalability and sustainability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current global food policy efforts are insufficient to curb the escalating obesity epidemic. Transformative, multisectoral, and equity-focused policy frameworks augmented by digital tools for monitoring, enforcement, and targeted health promotion are critical to accelerate progress and reduce inequities. Priority should be given to regulating UPFs, standardizing labels, tightening marketing controls, and integrating obesity prevention into health policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721251408170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:34:38Z","timestamp":1768588478000},"page":"51-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global Food Policies and Obesity: Lessons From Selected Country Experiences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-8615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Ugo","family":"Alum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Publications, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada Ak","family":"Akwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"},{"name":"International Institute for Human Organ Research and Replacement Therapy, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Kibuuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience Owere","family":"Ekpang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Joseph Enyia","family":"Ekpang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Journalism and Media Studies, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obasi Uche","family":"Orji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glohj.2024.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00650-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obmed.2025.100610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23889\/ijpds.v9i2.2401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00398-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00527-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obmed.2025.100585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obmed.2025.100622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2020.100466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-025-01102-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2025.102023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2020.101873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-019-0799-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2023.867481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-023-00895-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11257-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10460-024-10562-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-6-35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/9.4.353"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"503","article-title":"Evidence-based practice for information professionals: a handbook","volume":"92","author":"Coggan JM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coggan JM. 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