{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:59:10Z","timestamp":1790949550958,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HA1-164002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA1-164002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NDB-186395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDB-186395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"International Development Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Having diverse crops and animals on small farms is broadly seen as a way to support both farmer nutrition and environmental resilience. However, studies often find only a weak statistical relationship between the diversity produced and the diversity consumed. Understanding why smallholder farmers produce diversity is central both for operationalizing agriculture-nutrition linkages and for supporting resilient agro-ecosystems.\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study examines farmers\u2019 own reasons for producing diversity and explores how these reasons shape the production-diet relationship.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    As part of a mixed methods, participatory action research program in highland Ecuador, a community researcher conducted activity-based interviews with Indigenous and mestizo\/a farmers (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200926); interviews were analyzed using cognitive mapping and cultural domain analysis.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    On average, farmers cultivated 49 different edible plants and five types of livestock, but they regularly consumed only about half of them. Products were consumed \u201crarely or never\u201d because of availability limitations, preparation difficulty, taste, or because they were mainly used for other purposes. Farmers grew diverse edible plants for many reasons beyond consumption, including economic (88% of participants), socio-affective (85%), agronomic (50%), and health-and-safety (31%) motives.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The findings help explain why statistical associations between production and diet are often small. The importance of social and emotional (affective) values in informing farmers\u2019 production decisions adds a critical, yet underexplored, dimension to a literature that otherwise centers the assumption that farmers mostly make their decisions based on instrumental, cause-and-effect pathways. Lessons provide insights to better align programming with farmers\u2019 endogenous decision-making rationale.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721261484355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1790682461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Why do Farmers Grow Diversity? Reaching Beyond Own-Consumption and Agricultural Income to Support Food Security and Nutrition"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4313-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Deaconu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduar","family":"Pinz\u00f3n Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finca Agroecol\u00f3gica Macondo, Finca Macondo, Gualea, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7979-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myl\u00e8ne","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5672-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malek","family":"Batal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"From Uniformity to Diversity: A Paradigm Shift From Industrial Agriculture to Diversified Agroecological Systems","author":"IPES-Food","year":"2016","unstructured":"IPES-Food. From Uniformity to Diversity: A Paradigm Shift From Industrial Agriculture to Diversified Agroecological Systems. International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food systems; 2016. https:\/\/www.ipes-food.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4060\/cc3017en"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4060\/cd1254en"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12477"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2018.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2019.101731"},{"issue":"01","key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"King Quinoa: The development of the modern export market and its implications for the Andean People","volume":"4","author":"Albert V.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Albert V. King Quinoa: The development of the modern export market and its implications for the Andean People. Graduate Journal of Food Studies. 2017;4(01):1-10.","journal-title":"Graduate Journal of Food Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-015-0466-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510982112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13084410"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2021.102034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082454"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2013.769099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517006112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2020.101956"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2019.1570179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1995.0011183X003500020010x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26807\/ant.v0i17.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt5vkf9b.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394277-7.00004-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","volume-title":"Bolet\u00edn T\u00e9cnico N02-2025-ENEMDU Pobreza y Desigualdad","author":"INEC","year":"2025","unstructured":"INEC. Bolet\u00edn T\u00e9cnico N02-2025-ENEMDU Pobreza y Desigualdad. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos (INEC); 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","unstructured":"Pillalaza Piguave C. An\u00e1lisis Preliminar CENSO 2022 Con Confoque En Pueblos y Nacionalidades. Secretar\u00eda de Gesti\u00f3n y Dearrollo de Pueblos y Nacionalidades; 2023. https:\/\/www.secretariapueblosynacionalidades.gob.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Presentacion-CENSO-2022-Pueblos-y-Nacionalidades.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzab009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","unstructured":"HLPE. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security; 2019; 163. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/hlpe\/hlpe_documents\/HLPE_Reports\/HLPE-Report-14_EN.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","volume-title":"FAO\u2019s Work on Agroecology: A Pathway to Achieving the SDGs","author":"FAO","year":"2018","unstructured":"FAO. FAO\u2019s Work on Agroecology: A Pathway to Achieving the SDGs. FAO; 2018. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/I9021EN\/i9021en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21683565.2013.837422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17348\/era.5.0.147-158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572117720749"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","article-title":"Elicitation techniques for cultural domain analysis","volume":"3","author":"Borgatti SP","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borgatti SP. Elicitation techniques for cultural domain analysis. In Schensul JJ, LeCompte MD, eds. The Ethnographer's Toolkit, Vol. 3. AltaMira Press; 1998.","journal-title":"The Ethnographer's Toolkit"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"issue":"02","key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Four-quadrant relationship data analysis: An illustrative example","volume":"1","author":"Van Velzen JH.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Van Velzen JH. Four-quadrant relationship data analysis: An illustrative example. RRREaT\u2013Data-Analytical Techniques. 2024;1(02):1-24.","journal-title":"RRREaT\u2013Data-Analytical Techniques"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Encuesta nacional de salud y nutrici\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n ecuatoriana de cero a 59 a\u00f1os, ENSANUT-ECU 2012","volume":"2","author":"Freire WB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Freire WB, Ram\u00edrez M, Belmont P, Tomo I. Encuesta nacional de salud y nutrici\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n ecuatoriana de cero a 59 a\u00f1os, ENSANUT-ECU 2012. Revista Latinoamericana de Pol\u00edticas y Acci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Volumen 2, N\u00famero 1-Mayo 2015. 2015;2(1):117.","journal-title":"Revista Latinoamericana de Pol\u00edticas y Acci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Volumen 2, N\u00famero 1-Mayo 2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-017-0407-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03066150903353991"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-019-0312-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21683565.2019.1578720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2019.1652800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2025.2477016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","volume-title":"Qu\u00e9 es el sumak kawsay o buen vivir","author":"\u00c1lvarez SG.","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez SG. Qu\u00e9 es el sumak kawsay o buen vivir. Economia y buen vivir, Eumed: Spain. Published online 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315579139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","first-page":"304","volume-title":"Routledge Handbook of Sustainable and Regenerative Food Systems","author":"Natividad P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Natividad P, Ferrufino MCO, de Scurrah MM, Sherwood S. Enabling more regenerative agriculture, food, and nutrition in the Andes: the relational bio-power of \u201cseeds\u201d. In: Duncan J, Carolan M, Wiskerke JSC, eds. Routledge Handbook of Sustainable and Regenerative Food Systems. Earthscan from Routledge; 2021:304."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11625-014-0280-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2024.103308"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-5871.12362"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2013.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"West R Michie S. A brief introduction to the COM-B Model of behaviour and the PRIME Theory of motivation. Qeios. Published online April 9 2020:1-7. doi:10.32388\/WW04E6.2","DOI":"10.32388\/WW04E6.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15691497-12341473"}],"container-title":["Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03795721261484355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03795721261484355","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03795721261484355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:48:17Z","timestamp":1790948897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03795721261484355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03795721261484355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03795721261484355","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-5721","1564-8265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-5721","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-8265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"03795721261484355"}}