{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:53:46Z","timestamp":1777784026391,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anemia prevention for hemodialysis relies primarily on supplemental erythropoietin (EPO) and intravenous iron (IV-iron). The doses of EPO utilized are somewhat higher than normal endogenous rates of EPO production in healthy subjects, and the amount of IV-iron used to boost red blood cell (RBC) production may be greater than the amounts used for erythropoiesis. EPO and IV-iron might be used more efficiently if two fundamental problems were solved in the management of dialysis patients: better vitamin C status, and avoidance of chronic inflammation. The low levels of plasma vitamin C commonly observed in dialysis patients restrict mobilization of stored iron from the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and inflammation has a very similar effect. The impact of low vitamin C levels and concurrent inflammation causes a large amount of iron to be stored, with relatively inefficient utilization for erythropoiesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin C intake for dialysis patients is often restricted because of avoidance of vitamin C-rich foods, and because of concerns about oxalosis. Inflammation is a chronic feature of renal disease, which is compounded by infections from use of catheters. Research strategies to improve vitamin C status and to decrease inflammation would lead to better utilization of iron and EPO, and could have parallel benefits for the long-term health of patients on hemodialysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880703001111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T01:59:52Z","timestamp":1515722392000},"page":"1014-1019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Newer Strategies for Anemia Prevention in Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"G. 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