{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:57:09Z","timestamp":1777784229758,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hemofiltration protocols using a citrate-buffered replacement solution offer the advantage of regional anticoagulation and a buffer effect. The role played by such fluids in clinical practice is not yet well established. The risk of electrolytic disorders, acid-base imbalance, or citrate accumulation should be clarified. We report on a renal therapy protocol based on a citrate isonatremic replacement solution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We considered all patients needing renal replacement therapy admitted to our cardiovascular intensive care unit between January 2003 and June 2007. A citrate-buffered fluid was delivered in pre-dilution mode to a post-filter ionized calcium target \u22640.25 mmol\/L. Extracorporeal blood flow was set at a constant of 140\u00b110 ml\/min. Blood calcemia was maintained by a 5% calcium-chloride solution infused into the patient. We recorded the patients' acid-base variables, ionized calcium, daily electrolytes, albumin, urea and filter life-span.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed 101 consecutive patients out of 2,523; incidence 4%, overall mortality was 57% at ICU discharge. Mean replacement rate was 2,554\u00b1475 ml\/h corresponding to 34\u00b15 ml\/kg\/h. Mean patient ionized calcium level was 1.07\u00b10.04 mmo\/L, maintained by 13\u00b12 ml\/h of infused calcium-chloride. All other electrolytes remained in the normal range. The Stewart biophysical approach confirmed a strong anion gap of 3.1\u00b1 3 meq\/L. Acid-base balance showed a buffer effect. Mean filter life-span was 52\u00b111 h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal replacement therapy based on citrate-buffered fluid may be useful in clinical practice. This methodology presented an adequate metabolic control and allowed regional anticoagulation. A sufficient calcium supply was mandatory to avoid hypocalcemia. The small strong ion gap suggested a modest citrate accumulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880803101103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T12:03:52Z","timestamp":1516968232000},"page":"937-943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation: A four-year single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Cassina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia\/Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano - Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia\/Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano - Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Engeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia\/Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano - Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Hemodialysis Services, Beata Vergine Regional Hospital, Mendrisio - Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002419"},{"key":"bibr2-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-817806"},{"key":"bibr3-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V71145"},{"key":"bibr4-039139880803101103","first-page":"S237","volume":"41","author":"Ward D.M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"bibr5-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000046075"},{"key":"bibr6-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00444.x"},{"key":"bibr7-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2872"},{"key":"bibr8-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120005366"},{"key":"bibr9-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70248-4"},{"key":"bibr10-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1812-1"},{"key":"bibr11-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000078881"},{"key":"bibr12-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291404"},{"key":"bibr13-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg488"},{"key":"bibr14-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90162-6"},{"key":"bibr15-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02430-2"},{"key":"bibr16-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00809.x"},{"key":"bibr17-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.56.s72.2.x"},{"key":"bibr18-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199910000-00026"},{"key":"bibr19-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340000691"},{"key":"bibr20-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MAT.0000104822.30759.A7"},{"key":"bibr21-039139880803101103","first-page":"312","volume":"33","author":"Kaplan A.A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"ASAIO Trans"},{"key":"bibr22-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199807000-00021"},{"key":"bibr23-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.300"},{"key":"bibr24-039139880803101103","first-page":"108","volume":"114","author":"Thoenen M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenscht"},{"key":"bibr25-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1443-y"},{"key":"bibr26-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.08.010"},{"key":"bibr27-039139880803101103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2047-x"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Artificial Organs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/039139880803101103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/039139880803101103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:40:00Z","timestamp":1777491600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/039139880803101103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/039139880803101103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/039139880803101103","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-3988","1724-6040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-3988","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}