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Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent-proteins play pivotal roles in the physiology of mineralization and in preventing ectopic calcification: two of these vitamin K-dependent-proteins are osteocalcin (regulating bone mineralization) and matrix-Gla protein (MGP, local calcification inhibitor in the vessel wall). Vitamin K deficiency impairs the physiological function of osteocalcin and MGP and, therefore, presumably contributes to bone demineralisation and vascular calcification (the so-called calcification paradox). In this context, the usage of vitamin K antagonists for long-term oral anticoagulation therapy might be risky especially in CKD patients exhibiting a high background level of vascular calcification. We present a summary of data describing the potential role of vitamin K deficiency and supplementation in bone and vascular disease in patients with CKD or ESRD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880903200202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T02:00:37Z","timestamp":1515722437000},"page":"67-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Coagulation Meets Calcification: The Vitamin K System"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Thilo","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Westenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen - Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon 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