{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:46:35Z","timestamp":1792025195624,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to describe the in vitro adsorption of anti-infective drugs onto an extracorporeal cytokine adsorber.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Various anti-infective drugs (\u03b2-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, azole antimycotics) were prepared in normal saline 0.9% and human albumin 5%, and pumped through a cytokine cartridge (CytoSorb\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; CytoSorbents Corporation, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) at a flow rate of 1.2\u2009L\/h for 1.5\u2009h. In addition, meropenem and ciprofloxacin were dissolved in reconstituted blood and run through a CytoSorb cartridge, which was integrated into a continuous renal replacement therapy circuit with a flow rate of 2\u2009L\/h for 18\u2009h. Samples from the solution, pre- and post-filter, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and fluorescence polarisation immunoassay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observed mean clearance of the drugs in normal saline was 1.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07\u2009L\/h. In human albumin, clearance was 1.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u2009L\/h. In reconstituted blood, clearance of meropenem decreased from 5.4 to 1.4\u2009L\/h and for ciprofloxacin from 6.3 to 4.3\u2009L\/h within the first 1.5\u2009h because of early drug adsorption. Continuous renal replacement therapy clearance measured without CytoSorb was stable at 2 and 1.7\u2009L\/h, respectively. Approximately 400\u2009mg of meropenem and 300\u2009mg of ciprofloxacin had been adsorbed by CytoSorb, suggesting that these amounts are the maximum adsorptive capacity for these drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In these settings, all tested drugs were adsorbed by the cartridge in relevant amounts. The identified maximum adsorptive capacity and the rapid decline in concentration during the first 1.5\u2009h of CytoSorb use suggest that the administration of an additional dose within the first hours of CytoSorb treatment may be reasonable. In addition, early therapeutic drug monitoring should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0391398818812601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T02:04:08Z","timestamp":1544753048000},"page":"57-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["In vitro removal of anti-infective agents by a novel cytokine adsorbent system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anka C","family":"R\u00f6hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, Heidenheim General Hospital, Heidenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto R","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, Heidenheim General Hospital, Heidenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Heidenheim General Hospital, Heidenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Wichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Braune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kluge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Nierhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000291646.34815.BB"},{"key":"bibr2-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318170b9a7"},{"key":"bibr3-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3182816a75"},{"key":"bibr4-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.146321"},{"key":"bibr5-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000382"},{"key":"bibr6-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000591"},{"key":"bibr7-0391398818812601","first-page":"9852073","volume":"2016","author":"Tr\u00e4ger K","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Crit Care"},{"key":"bibr8-0391398818812601","first-page":"1","author":"Friesecke S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed"},{"key":"bibr9-0391398818812601","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine. Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry, 2018."},{"key":"bibr10-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000377"},{"key":"bibr11-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000190243.88133.3F"},{"key":"bibr12-0391398818812601","volume-title":"The renal drug handbook: the ultimate prescribing guide for renal practitioners","author":"Ashley C","year":"2014","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr13-0391398818812601","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information. The PubChem Compound Database, https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ (accessed 19 November 2018)."},{"key":"bibr14-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000063108"},{"key":"bibr15-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01833876"},{"key":"bibr16-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/85.4.599"},{"key":"bibr17-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00712-15"},{"key":"bibr18-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-016-0185-5"},{"key":"bibr19-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-016-0213-5"},{"key":"bibr20-0391398818812601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-1-43"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Artificial Organs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0391398818812601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0391398818812601","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0391398818812601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:41:34Z","timestamp":1777491694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0391398818812601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0391398818812601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0391398818812601","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-3988","1724-6040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-3988","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]}}}