{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T05:02:17Z","timestamp":1777784537448,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune cell dysfunction plays a central role in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. Targeted treatment using healthy donor immune cell transfusions, particularly granulocyte concentrates (GC) potentially induces tissue damage. Initial trials using GC in an extracorporeal immune cell perfusion system provided evidence for beneficial effects with fewer side effects, by separating patient and donor immune cell compartments. A multicenter clinical trial is exploring feasibility and effects of a 6-h treatment (NCT06143137). This ex vivo study examines technical feasibility and cellular effects of an extended treatment interval up to 24\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standard GC were purified to increase the potential storage time and subsequently implemented in the extracorporeal immune cell perfusion system. Parameters assessed included cell viability, phagocytosis activity, oxidative burst, cytokine release, and metabolic parameters of purified. GC during an extended circulation time of up to 24\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After storage of 72\u2009h granulocytes were viable throughout the study period and exhibited preserved functionality and metabolic activity. The findings highlight a time-dependent nature of cytokine release by neutrophils in the extracorporeal circuit, as cytokine secretion patterns showed IL-8 peaking within 6\u2009h, while MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 increased after 24\u2009h of circulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Purified GC remain functional after 72\u2009h of storage and additional 24\u2009h in the circulating treatment model. Cytokine secretion patterns revealed a significant increase, especially between 10 and 24\u2009h of treatment. Extending treatment time holds promise for enhancing immune response against sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing immune-targeted therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988241262901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T06:10:17Z","timestamp":1721715017000},"page":"602-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Purified granulocytes in extracorporeal cell therapy: A multifaceted approach to combat sepsis-induced immunoparalysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8922-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Klinkmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Brabandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4024-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artcline GmbH, Rostock, 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