{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:27:07Z","timestamp":1781846827120,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Flatfoot is a very common condition that alters gait mechanics and is usually accompanied by pain. In this current study, two types of custom-made insoles using polyethylene and silicon, respectively, were designed to help alleviate this condition. Such insoles are tested for their functionality using advanced 3D printing and finite element analysis. Tests were conducted at body weights of 60, 80, 100, and 120\u2009kg. Results indicated that silicone insoles outperformed the others by effecting a better redistribution of pressure with higher magnitudes of strain and stress. Specifically, silicon had strain values between 1.44\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 2.88\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    , much lower than polyethylene\u2019s 5.92\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u20131.18\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Whereby, silicon would withstand stress levels to about 47,058\u2009Pa, while polyethylene would do so at 31,932\u2009Pa, making it more resilient under higher loads. Further validation through kinematic analysis proved that silicon insoles enhance the symmetry of walk and disperses the concentration of pressures of the feet, therefore providing more comfort and support during locomotion. These results suggest that silicon insoles offer significant benefits for managing flatfoot, paving the way for future innovations in personalized orthopedic footwear.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988251334885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:39:03Z","timestamp":1747370343000},"page":"348-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A comparative study of polyethylene and silicone insoles for patient-specific conditions using computational and experimental methods"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Doppa","family":"Govardhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samsundar","family":"Jayapal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4217-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohadese","family":"Rajaeirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Aroujalian","family":"Mashhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Jamshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Merdji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Mechanical and Physical of Materials (LMPM), Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Dhason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6888-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandipan","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00072-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.06.240"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"5254","article-title":"A 3-dimensional finite element analysis of the insole shoe orthotic for foot deformities","volume":"12","author":"Anggoro PW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anggoro PW, Saputra E, Tauviqirrahman M, et al. A 3-dimensional finite element analysis of the insole shoe orthotic for foot deformities. Int J Appl Eng Res 2017; 12(15): 5254\u20135260.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Eng Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11083412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21916-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Lewis GS. Computational modeling of the mechanics of flatfoot deformity and its surgical corrections. Dissertation The Pennsylvania State University University Park 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40691-024-00402-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/computation11120248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0000000000000403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"7th Asian-Pacific conference on medical and biological engineering: APCMBE 2008","author":"Niu W","unstructured":"Niu W, Yang Y, Fan Y, et al. Experimental modeling and biomechanical measurement of flatfoot deformity. In: 7th Asian-Pacific conference on medical and biological engineering: APCMBE 2008, 2008 April 22\u201325, Beijing, China, pp.133\u2013138. 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